Trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working-age population from 1992 to 2021

BackgroundCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a degenerative condition marked by aortic valve thickening and calcification, leading to stenosis or regurgitation, with rising prevalence in developed countries.ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the epidemiological trends and disease burden of C...

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Main Authors: Songzhe Wu, Weiguang Yang, Yixin Li, Tao Wei, Yaodong Sun, Lin Xia, Yan Zhu, Naishi Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1544273/full
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author Songzhe Wu
Weiguang Yang
Yixin Li
Tao Wei
Yaodong Sun
Lin Xia
Yan Zhu
Naishi Wu
author_facet Songzhe Wu
Weiguang Yang
Yixin Li
Tao Wei
Yaodong Sun
Lin Xia
Yan Zhu
Naishi Wu
author_sort Songzhe Wu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a degenerative condition marked by aortic valve thickening and calcification, leading to stenosis or regurgitation, with rising prevalence in developed countries.ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the epidemiological trends and disease burden of CAVD in the global working-age population (defined in this study as the age group of 15 to 64 years) from 1992 to 2021. It further examined differences by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions and gender, providing insights for public health strategies.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, using age-standardized rates (ASR) to adjust for differences in age distribution across populations, allowing for more accurate comparisons of disease burden over time and between regions. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, and health disparities were assessed using Slope and Concentration Indexes. The impact of demographic factors on CAVD burden was explored through decomposition analysis.ResultsFrom 1992 to 2021, CAVD prevalence in working-age populations rose from 1.30 to 2.65 million cases (103.43% increase). The results of multiple analysis models (including age-period-cohort model, decomposition analysis and frontier analysis) of the working-age population showed that the prevalence of CAVD peaked at the age of 64, and the prevalence of CAVD was significantly higher in males than in females. Population growth and ageing are the main drivers of the increasing burden of disease, with the highest burden in high SDI regions, especially Europe. These findings highlight the need to implement targeted interventions in high-risk populations.ConclusionsThe burden of CAVD in working-age populations is rising. Despite age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDALY) declines, the overall increase in cases requires targeted prevention and management strategies, especially in high-burden settings. Effective interventions are critical for reducing the global CAVD burden.
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spelling doaj-art-fe5f9a68462b4f5dbb61b7bfdee025e42025-08-20T03:03:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2025-08-011210.3389/fcvm.2025.15442731544273Trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working-age population from 1992 to 2021Songzhe Wu0Weiguang Yang1Yixin Li2Tao Wei3Yaodong Sun4Lin Xia5Yan Zhu6Naishi Wu7Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaSchool of Medical Technology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaBackgroundCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a degenerative condition marked by aortic valve thickening and calcification, leading to stenosis or regurgitation, with rising prevalence in developed countries.ObjectivesThis study aimed to analyze the epidemiological trends and disease burden of CAVD in the global working-age population (defined in this study as the age group of 15 to 64 years) from 1992 to 2021. It further examined differences by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) regions and gender, providing insights for public health strategies.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, using age-standardized rates (ASR) to adjust for differences in age distribution across populations, allowing for more accurate comparisons of disease burden over time and between regions. Trends were analyzed using Joinpoint regression, and health disparities were assessed using Slope and Concentration Indexes. The impact of demographic factors on CAVD burden was explored through decomposition analysis.ResultsFrom 1992 to 2021, CAVD prevalence in working-age populations rose from 1.30 to 2.65 million cases (103.43% increase). The results of multiple analysis models (including age-period-cohort model, decomposition analysis and frontier analysis) of the working-age population showed that the prevalence of CAVD peaked at the age of 64, and the prevalence of CAVD was significantly higher in males than in females. Population growth and ageing are the main drivers of the increasing burden of disease, with the highest burden in high SDI regions, especially Europe. These findings highlight the need to implement targeted interventions in high-risk populations.ConclusionsThe burden of CAVD in working-age populations is rising. Despite age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDALY) declines, the overall increase in cases requires targeted prevention and management strategies, especially in high-burden settings. Effective interventions are critical for reducing the global CAVD burden.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1544273/fullglobal burden of diseasecalcific aortic valve diseasesociodemographic indexprevalenceincidence
spellingShingle Songzhe Wu
Weiguang Yang
Yixin Li
Tao Wei
Yaodong Sun
Lin Xia
Yan Zhu
Naishi Wu
Trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working-age population from 1992 to 2021
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
global burden of disease
calcific aortic valve disease
sociodemographic index
prevalence
incidence
title Trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working-age population from 1992 to 2021
title_full Trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working-age population from 1992 to 2021
title_fullStr Trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working-age population from 1992 to 2021
title_full_unstemmed Trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working-age population from 1992 to 2021
title_short Trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working-age population from 1992 to 2021
title_sort trends in the global burden of aortic valve calcification disease in the working age population from 1992 to 2021
topic global burden of disease
calcific aortic valve disease
sociodemographic index
prevalence
incidence
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1544273/full
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