Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum
IntroductionWRKY transcription factors are essential for plant growth, health, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress.MethodsIn this study, we performed a deep in silico characterization of the WRKY gene family in the genome of Eucalyptus grandis. We also analyzed the expression profiles of thes...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1510196/full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823858092593381376 |
|---|---|
| author | Jianlang Zhang Xinzhu Yang Chunyu Huo Xinyi Fan Qiutong Liu Zhihong Liu Yu Su Zujing Chen Zujing Chen |
| author_facet | Jianlang Zhang Xinzhu Yang Chunyu Huo Xinyi Fan Qiutong Liu Zhihong Liu Yu Su Zujing Chen Zujing Chen |
| author_sort | Jianlang Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionWRKY transcription factors are essential for plant growth, health, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress.MethodsIn this study, we performed a deep in silico characterization of the WRKY gene family in the genome of Eucalyptus grandis. We also analyzed the expression profiles of these genes upon colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) and infection with the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs).ResultsA total of 117 EgWRKYs were identified. Phylogenetic analysis divided the EgWRKY proteins into three groups: group I (21 proteins, 17.95%), group II (65 proteins, 55.56%), and group III (24 proteins, 20.51%). Additionally, seven EgWRKY proteins (5.98%) were categorized into group IV due to the absence of the WRKY domain or zinc-finger structure. All EgWRKY genes are distributed irregularly across the 11 chromosomes, with 25 pairs identified as segmental duplicates and four as tandem duplicates. The promoter regions of 50% of members of each subfamily contain plant hormone-related cis-elements associated with defense responses, such as ABREs, TGACG motifs, and CGTCA motifs. All subfamilies (except for group IV-b and IV-c) contain AW-boxes, which are related to mycorrhizal induction. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that 21 EgWRKYs were responsive to the AMF Ri, with 13 and 8 genes strongly up- and downregulated, respectively. Several genes (including EgWRKY116, EgWRKY62, and EgWRKY107) were significantly induced by Ri; these genes might enhance the defense of E. grandis against Rs.DiscussionTherefore, we identified E. grandis WRKY genes that are regulated by AMF colonization, some of which might improve the defense of E. grandis against R. solanacearum. These findings provide insights into E. grandis WRKY genes involved in interactions among the host plant, AMFs, and R. solanacearum. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe5b20e7192f4a71b40e07f9d3717977 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe5b20e7192f4a71b40e07f9d37179772025-02-11T15:54:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-02-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15101961510196Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearumJianlang Zhang0Xinzhu Yang1Chunyu Huo2Xinyi Fan3Qiutong Liu4Zhihong Liu5Yu Su6Zujing Chen7Zujing Chen8College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaGuangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center on Science-tech of Ecology and Landscape, Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architect, Guangzhou, ChinaCollege of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaIntroductionWRKY transcription factors are essential for plant growth, health, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress.MethodsIn this study, we performed a deep in silico characterization of the WRKY gene family in the genome of Eucalyptus grandis. We also analyzed the expression profiles of these genes upon colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis (Ri) and infection with the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs).ResultsA total of 117 EgWRKYs were identified. Phylogenetic analysis divided the EgWRKY proteins into three groups: group I (21 proteins, 17.95%), group II (65 proteins, 55.56%), and group III (24 proteins, 20.51%). Additionally, seven EgWRKY proteins (5.98%) were categorized into group IV due to the absence of the WRKY domain or zinc-finger structure. All EgWRKY genes are distributed irregularly across the 11 chromosomes, with 25 pairs identified as segmental duplicates and four as tandem duplicates. The promoter regions of 50% of members of each subfamily contain plant hormone-related cis-elements associated with defense responses, such as ABREs, TGACG motifs, and CGTCA motifs. All subfamilies (except for group IV-b and IV-c) contain AW-boxes, which are related to mycorrhizal induction. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis revealed that 21 EgWRKYs were responsive to the AMF Ri, with 13 and 8 genes strongly up- and downregulated, respectively. Several genes (including EgWRKY116, EgWRKY62, and EgWRKY107) were significantly induced by Ri; these genes might enhance the defense of E. grandis against Rs.DiscussionTherefore, we identified E. grandis WRKY genes that are regulated by AMF colonization, some of which might improve the defense of E. grandis against R. solanacearum. These findings provide insights into E. grandis WRKY genes involved in interactions among the host plant, AMFs, and R. solanacearum.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1510196/fullWRKYarbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs)Rhizophagus irregularisEucalyptus grandisRalstonia solanacearumplant-AMF-bacterium interaction |
| spellingShingle | Jianlang Zhang Xinzhu Yang Chunyu Huo Xinyi Fan Qiutong Liu Zhihong Liu Yu Su Zujing Chen Zujing Chen Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum Frontiers in Plant Science WRKY arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) Rhizophagus irregularis Eucalyptus grandis Ralstonia solanacearum plant-AMF-bacterium interaction |
| title | Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum |
| title_full | Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum |
| title_fullStr | Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum |
| title_short | Eucalyptus grandis WRKY genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against Ralstonia solanacearum |
| title_sort | eucalyptus grandis wrky genes provide insight into the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in defense against ralstonia solanacearum |
| topic | WRKY arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) Rhizophagus irregularis Eucalyptus grandis Ralstonia solanacearum plant-AMF-bacterium interaction |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1510196/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jianlangzhang eucalyptusgrandiswrkygenesprovideinsightintotheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisindefenseagainstralstoniasolanacearum AT xinzhuyang eucalyptusgrandiswrkygenesprovideinsightintotheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisindefenseagainstralstoniasolanacearum AT chunyuhuo eucalyptusgrandiswrkygenesprovideinsightintotheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisindefenseagainstralstoniasolanacearum AT xinyifan eucalyptusgrandiswrkygenesprovideinsightintotheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisindefenseagainstralstoniasolanacearum AT qiutongliu eucalyptusgrandiswrkygenesprovideinsightintotheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisindefenseagainstralstoniasolanacearum AT zhihongliu eucalyptusgrandiswrkygenesprovideinsightintotheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisindefenseagainstralstoniasolanacearum AT yusu eucalyptusgrandiswrkygenesprovideinsightintotheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisindefenseagainstralstoniasolanacearum AT zujingchen eucalyptusgrandiswrkygenesprovideinsightintotheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisindefenseagainstralstoniasolanacearum AT zujingchen eucalyptusgrandiswrkygenesprovideinsightintotheroleofarbuscularmycorrhizalsymbiosisindefenseagainstralstoniasolanacearum |