Analyzing the network structure of students’ motivation to learn AI: a self-determination theory perspective

Abstract Motivation is a key driver of learning. Prior work on motivation has mostly focused on conventional learning contexts that did not necessarily involve AI. Hence, little is known about students’ motivation to learn AI. This study examined the structure of students’ AI motivational system usi...

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Main Authors: Jiajing Li, Jianhua Zhang, Ching Sing Chai, Vivian W. Y. Lee, Xuesong Zhai, Xingwei Wang, Ronnel B. King
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Science of Learning
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00339-w
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author Jiajing Li
Jianhua Zhang
Ching Sing Chai
Vivian W. Y. Lee
Xuesong Zhai
Xingwei Wang
Ronnel B. King
author_facet Jiajing Li
Jianhua Zhang
Ching Sing Chai
Vivian W. Y. Lee
Xuesong Zhai
Xingwei Wang
Ronnel B. King
author_sort Jiajing Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Motivation is a key driver of learning. Prior work on motivation has mostly focused on conventional learning contexts that did not necessarily involve AI. Hence, little is known about students’ motivation to learn AI. This study examined the structure of students’ AI motivational system using self-determination theory as the theoretical framework. Self-determination theory posits that there are qualitatively distinct types of motivation, including intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. Students' motivation, in turn, is strongly shaped by whether their basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are satisfied. We used network analysis to explore the structure of students’ AI motivation. Participants included 1465 students from 47 universities. Introjected regulation was central to the AI motivational system but intrinsic motivation was less central. This meant that many students learned AI primarily out of guilt or shame and not because of personal enjoyment. Furthermore, competence satisfaction seemed more important than autonomy and relatedness satisfaction in AI-enriched learning environments. Hence, key practical implications include the need to have clear goals and standards as well as to build students' competence in using AI tools. This study enriches the AI education literature by focusing on students' motivational systems and suggesting ways to cultivate better engagement with AI.
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spelling doaj-art-fe49fdf0a658415db39ae2449c2ebefa2025-08-20T03:04:15ZengNature Portfolionpj Science of Learning2056-79362025-07-0110111010.1038/s41539-025-00339-wAnalyzing the network structure of students’ motivation to learn AI: a self-determination theory perspectiveJiajing Li0Jianhua Zhang1Ching Sing Chai2Vivian W. Y. Lee3Xuesong Zhai4Xingwei Wang5Ronnel B. King6College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal UniversityDepartment of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong KongDepartment of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong KongCentre for Learning Enhancement And Research, The Chinese University of Hong KongCollege of Education, Zhejiang UniversitySchool of Environment, Tsinghua UniversityDepartment of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong KongAbstract Motivation is a key driver of learning. Prior work on motivation has mostly focused on conventional learning contexts that did not necessarily involve AI. Hence, little is known about students’ motivation to learn AI. This study examined the structure of students’ AI motivational system using self-determination theory as the theoretical framework. Self-determination theory posits that there are qualitatively distinct types of motivation, including intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. Students' motivation, in turn, is strongly shaped by whether their basic psychological needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are satisfied. We used network analysis to explore the structure of students’ AI motivation. Participants included 1465 students from 47 universities. Introjected regulation was central to the AI motivational system but intrinsic motivation was less central. This meant that many students learned AI primarily out of guilt or shame and not because of personal enjoyment. Furthermore, competence satisfaction seemed more important than autonomy and relatedness satisfaction in AI-enriched learning environments. Hence, key practical implications include the need to have clear goals and standards as well as to build students' competence in using AI tools. This study enriches the AI education literature by focusing on students' motivational systems and suggesting ways to cultivate better engagement with AI.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00339-w
spellingShingle Jiajing Li
Jianhua Zhang
Ching Sing Chai
Vivian W. Y. Lee
Xuesong Zhai
Xingwei Wang
Ronnel B. King
Analyzing the network structure of students’ motivation to learn AI: a self-determination theory perspective
npj Science of Learning
title Analyzing the network structure of students’ motivation to learn AI: a self-determination theory perspective
title_full Analyzing the network structure of students’ motivation to learn AI: a self-determination theory perspective
title_fullStr Analyzing the network structure of students’ motivation to learn AI: a self-determination theory perspective
title_full_unstemmed Analyzing the network structure of students’ motivation to learn AI: a self-determination theory perspective
title_short Analyzing the network structure of students’ motivation to learn AI: a self-determination theory perspective
title_sort analyzing the network structure of students motivation to learn ai a self determination theory perspective
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00339-w
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