Biogenic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles, and Ag@ZnO Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye

Utilizing green nanomaterials in a biomimetic setting to treat wastewater emulates the sustainability and efficiency of natural systems. In this study, wood apple (WA) outer shell extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly green approa...

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Main Authors: Vinidu Gamage, Gobika Thiripuranathar, Upul Nishshanka, Namal Priyantha, Manisha De Alwis Goonatilleke, Beth Guiton, Siyath Gunewardene, Sumedha Jayanetti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-08-01
Series:Proceedings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/107/1/31
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author Vinidu Gamage
Gobika Thiripuranathar
Upul Nishshanka
Namal Priyantha
Manisha De Alwis Goonatilleke
Beth Guiton
Siyath Gunewardene
Sumedha Jayanetti
author_facet Vinidu Gamage
Gobika Thiripuranathar
Upul Nishshanka
Namal Priyantha
Manisha De Alwis Goonatilleke
Beth Guiton
Siyath Gunewardene
Sumedha Jayanetti
author_sort Vinidu Gamage
collection DOAJ
description Utilizing green nanomaterials in a biomimetic setting to treat wastewater emulates the sustainability and efficiency of natural systems. In this study, wood apple (WA) outer shell extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly green approach to synthesize Ag nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO NPs, and Ag@ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) as potential photocatalysts for the degradation of an industrial dye known as Brilliant Blue (BB). Synthesis parameters of Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag@ZnO NCs were evaluated in this research utilizing various analytical methods. Surface plasmon resonance peaks for Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag@ZnO NCs were observed at 400–470 nm, 320–370 nm, and 400–500 nm, respectively. The appearance of a Fourier transform infrared band in the 500–700 cm<sup>−1</sup> region is attributed to the Zn-O bond stretching mode, indicating the formation of ZnO NPs and Ag@ZnO NCs. The SEM images of WA-mediated Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag@ZnO NCs illustrate spherical, flake, and flower-shapes, respectively, while the average sizes of these three types of particles are determined to be 15.04 ± 5.40 nm, 82.40 ± 3.24 nm, and 12.08 ± 2.91 nm, respectively, as per transmission electron microscopic investigation. Moreover, X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the synthesis of pure crystalline structures, with a face-centered cubic structure for Ag and a hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO NPs during the synthesis of Ag@ZnO NCs. The biogenic WA-mediated ZnO NPs show a remarkable photodegradation efficiency of 65.8% under the optimum conditions of catalytic load, pH, and dye concentration, whereas WA-mediated Ag NPs and Ag@ZnO NC show 13.9% and 63.7% photodegradation efficiency, respectively, at 240 min. The study reveals that WA-mediated ZnO NPs and Ag@ZnO NCs exhibit nearly identical photo-catalytic activity against the BB dye, presenting new opportunities for sustainable use in textile and wastewater treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-fe3fbf8d936a43b784e285619da4da9a2025-08-20T03:27:42ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002024-08-0110713110.3390/proceedings2024107031Biogenic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles, and Ag@ZnO Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Brilliant Blue DyeVinidu Gamage0Gobika Thiripuranathar1Upul Nishshanka2Namal Priyantha3Manisha De Alwis Goonatilleke4Beth Guiton5Siyath Gunewardene6Sumedha Jayanetti7College of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Welikada, Rajagiriya 10100, Sri LankaCollege of Chemical Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Ceylon, Welikada, Rajagiriya 10100, Sri LankaDepartment of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala 10250, Sri LankaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri LankaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 506 Library Drive, Lexington, KY 40506, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 506 Library Drive, Lexington, KY 40506, USADepartment of Physics, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri LankaDepartment of Instrumentation and Automation Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Colombo, Colombo 00300, Sri LankaUtilizing green nanomaterials in a biomimetic setting to treat wastewater emulates the sustainability and efficiency of natural systems. In this study, wood apple (WA) outer shell extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent in a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly green approach to synthesize Ag nanoparticles (NPs), ZnO NPs, and Ag@ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) as potential photocatalysts for the degradation of an industrial dye known as Brilliant Blue (BB). Synthesis parameters of Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag@ZnO NCs were evaluated in this research utilizing various analytical methods. Surface plasmon resonance peaks for Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag@ZnO NCs were observed at 400–470 nm, 320–370 nm, and 400–500 nm, respectively. The appearance of a Fourier transform infrared band in the 500–700 cm<sup>−1</sup> region is attributed to the Zn-O bond stretching mode, indicating the formation of ZnO NPs and Ag@ZnO NCs. The SEM images of WA-mediated Ag NPs, ZnO NPs, and Ag@ZnO NCs illustrate spherical, flake, and flower-shapes, respectively, while the average sizes of these three types of particles are determined to be 15.04 ± 5.40 nm, 82.40 ± 3.24 nm, and 12.08 ± 2.91 nm, respectively, as per transmission electron microscopic investigation. Moreover, X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the synthesis of pure crystalline structures, with a face-centered cubic structure for Ag and a hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO NPs during the synthesis of Ag@ZnO NCs. The biogenic WA-mediated ZnO NPs show a remarkable photodegradation efficiency of 65.8% under the optimum conditions of catalytic load, pH, and dye concentration, whereas WA-mediated Ag NPs and Ag@ZnO NC show 13.9% and 63.7% photodegradation efficiency, respectively, at 240 min. The study reveals that WA-mediated ZnO NPs and Ag@ZnO NCs exhibit nearly identical photo-catalytic activity against the BB dye, presenting new opportunities for sustainable use in textile and wastewater treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/107/1/31Ag NPsAg@ ZnO NCsBrilliant BluePhotocatalytic activitywood appleZnO NPs
spellingShingle Vinidu Gamage
Gobika Thiripuranathar
Upul Nishshanka
Namal Priyantha
Manisha De Alwis Goonatilleke
Beth Guiton
Siyath Gunewardene
Sumedha Jayanetti
Biogenic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles, and Ag@ZnO Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye
Proceedings
Ag NPs
Ag@ ZnO NCs
Brilliant Blue
Photocatalytic activity
wood apple
ZnO NPs
title Biogenic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles, and Ag@ZnO Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye
title_full Biogenic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles, and Ag@ZnO Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye
title_fullStr Biogenic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles, and Ag@ZnO Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye
title_full_unstemmed Biogenic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles, and Ag@ZnO Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye
title_short Biogenic Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles, ZnO Nanoparticles, and Ag@ZnO Nanocomposites as Photocatalysts for the Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye
title_sort biogenic synthesis of ag nanoparticles zno nanoparticles and ag zno nanocomposites as photocatalysts for the degradation of brilliant blue dye
topic Ag NPs
Ag@ ZnO NCs
Brilliant Blue
Photocatalytic activity
wood apple
ZnO NPs
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/107/1/31
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