Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease
Abstract The bladder and prostate originate from the urogenital sinus. However, bladder cancer (BC) is usually classified as an immune “hot” tumor, whereas prostate cancer (PCa) is deemed as an immune “cold” tumor according to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes. To investigate th...
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Wiley
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Advanced Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202407715 |
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| author | Dengxiong Li Zhipeng Wang Qingxin Yu Jie Wang Ruicheng Wu Zhouting Tuo Koo Han Yoo Dilinaer Wusiman Luxia Ye Yiqing Guo Yubo Yang Fanglin Shao Ziyu Shu Uzoamaka Okoli William C. Cho Wuran Wei Dechao Feng |
| author_facet | Dengxiong Li Zhipeng Wang Qingxin Yu Jie Wang Ruicheng Wu Zhouting Tuo Koo Han Yoo Dilinaer Wusiman Luxia Ye Yiqing Guo Yubo Yang Fanglin Shao Ziyu Shu Uzoamaka Okoli William C. Cho Wuran Wei Dechao Feng |
| author_sort | Dengxiong Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The bladder and prostate originate from the urogenital sinus. However, bladder cancer (BC) is usually classified as an immune “hot” tumor, whereas prostate cancer (PCa) is deemed as an immune “cold” tumor according to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes. To investigate the immune differences between BC and PCa, studies are compared focusing on immune regulation mediated by sex hormones and receptors to identify key genes and pathways responsible for the immune differences. From a developmental perspective, it is shown that PCa and BC activate genes and pathways similar to those in the developmental stage. During prostate development, the differential expression and function of the androgen receptor (AR) across cell types may contribute to its dual role in promoting and inhibiting immunity in different cells. Androgen deprivation therapy affects AR function in different cells within the TME, influencing immune cell infiltration and antitumor function. Additionally, estrogenα and estrogenβ exert contrasting effects in PCa and BC, which may hold the potential for modifying the “cold” and “hot” tumor phenotypes. Future research should target key genes and pathways involved in bladder development to clarify the immune regulatory similarities and differences between BC and PCa. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe2f38f4d5464f0e83c508936d65d044 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2198-3844 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe2f38f4d5464f0e83c508936d65d0442025-08-20T01:51:39ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-04-011213n/an/a10.1002/advs.202407715Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to DiseaseDengxiong Li0Zhipeng Wang1Qingxin Yu2Jie Wang3Ruicheng Wu4Zhouting Tuo5Koo Han Yoo6Dilinaer Wusiman7Luxia Ye8Yiqing Guo9Yubo Yang10Fanglin Shao11Ziyu Shu12Uzoamaka Okoli13William C. Cho14Wuran Wei15Dechao Feng16Department of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 ChinaDepartment of Urology Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610041 ChinaDepartment of pathology Ningbo Clinical Pathology Diagnosis Center Ningbo City Zhejiang Province 315211 ChinaDepartment of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 ChinaDepartment of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 ChinaDepartment of Urological Surgery Daping Hospital Army Medical Center of PLA Army Medical University Chongqing 404100 ChinaDepartment of Urology Kyung Hee University Seoul 04510 South KoreaDepartment of Comparative Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USADepartment of Public Research Platform Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University Linhai 317000 ChinaDepartment of Public Research Platform Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University Linhai 317000 ChinaDepartment of Urology Three Gorges Hospital Chongqing University Wanzhou Chongqing 404000 ChinaDepartment of Rehabilitation The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University Luzhou 646000 P. R. ChinaDepartment of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UKDivision of Surgery & Interventional Science University College London London W1W 7TS UKDepartment of Clinical Oncology Queen Elizabeth Hospital Hong Kong SAR 999077 ChinaDepartment of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 ChinaDepartment of Urology Institute of Urology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 ChinaAbstract The bladder and prostate originate from the urogenital sinus. However, bladder cancer (BC) is usually classified as an immune “hot” tumor, whereas prostate cancer (PCa) is deemed as an immune “cold” tumor according to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and clinical outcomes. To investigate the immune differences between BC and PCa, studies are compared focusing on immune regulation mediated by sex hormones and receptors to identify key genes and pathways responsible for the immune differences. From a developmental perspective, it is shown that PCa and BC activate genes and pathways similar to those in the developmental stage. During prostate development, the differential expression and function of the androgen receptor (AR) across cell types may contribute to its dual role in promoting and inhibiting immunity in different cells. Androgen deprivation therapy affects AR function in different cells within the TME, influencing immune cell infiltration and antitumor function. Additionally, estrogenα and estrogenβ exert contrasting effects in PCa and BC, which may hold the potential for modifying the “cold” and “hot” tumor phenotypes. Future research should target key genes and pathways involved in bladder development to clarify the immune regulatory similarities and differences between BC and PCa.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202407715bladder cancerdevelopmental biologyimmune microenvironmentprostate cancerreceptorssex hormones |
| spellingShingle | Dengxiong Li Zhipeng Wang Qingxin Yu Jie Wang Ruicheng Wu Zhouting Tuo Koo Han Yoo Dilinaer Wusiman Luxia Ye Yiqing Guo Yubo Yang Fanglin Shao Ziyu Shu Uzoamaka Okoli William C. Cho Wuran Wei Dechao Feng Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease Advanced Science bladder cancer developmental biology immune microenvironment prostate cancer receptors sex hormones |
| title | Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease |
| title_full | Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease |
| title_fullStr | Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease |
| title_short | Tracing the Evolution of Sex Hormones and Receptor‐Mediated Immune Microenvironmental Differences in Prostate and Bladder Cancers: From Embryonic Development to Disease |
| title_sort | tracing the evolution of sex hormones and receptor mediated immune microenvironmental differences in prostate and bladder cancers from embryonic development to disease |
| topic | bladder cancer developmental biology immune microenvironment prostate cancer receptors sex hormones |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202407715 |
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