Zero-Birefringence Silicon Waveguides Based on Tilted Subwavelength Metamaterials

Polarization independent silicon-on-insulator nanowires are highly sought after, due the inherent high birefringence of this material platform. State-of-the-art designs of non-birefringent waveguides include ridge waveguides and square nanowires, which either imply large dimensions, multiple etching...

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Main Authors: Alaine Herrero-Bermello, Jose Manuel Luque-Gonzalez, Robert Halir, Pavel Cheben, Alejandro Ortega-Monux, Inigo Molina-Fernandez, Aitor V. Velasco
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2019-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8846035/
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author Alaine Herrero-Bermello
Jose Manuel Luque-Gonzalez
Robert Halir
Pavel Cheben
Alejandro Ortega-Monux
Inigo Molina-Fernandez
Aitor V. Velasco
author_facet Alaine Herrero-Bermello
Jose Manuel Luque-Gonzalez
Robert Halir
Pavel Cheben
Alejandro Ortega-Monux
Inigo Molina-Fernandez
Aitor V. Velasco
author_sort Alaine Herrero-Bermello
collection DOAJ
description Polarization independent silicon-on-insulator nanowires are highly sought after, due the inherent high birefringence of this material platform. State-of-the-art designs of non-birefringent waveguides include ridge waveguides and square nanowires, which either imply large dimensions, multiple etching steps, low fabrication tolerances or high wavelength dependence. In this work, we overcome all the aforementioned limitations through tilted subwavelength structures which provide anisotropy control of the resulting metamaterial. With a waveguide cross section of only 300&#x00A0;nm &#x00D7; 550&#x00A0;nm (height &#x00D7; width), the zero-birefringence point is obtained for an approximately <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$48^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>-tilt of the subwavelength structure. Birefringence of the nominal design deteriorates by only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9.10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> even in the presence of size deviations of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>10&#x00A0;nm. Moreover, birefringence is maintained under <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in a 100-nm bandwidth around the central wavelength of 1550&#x00A0;nm. This innovative approach is readly adaptable to a wide range of waveguide sizes, while maintaining single-etch-step fabrication.
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spelling doaj-art-fe28098f0a0e473e88a2bbf5e3cd191e2025-08-20T03:32:46ZengIEEEIEEE Photonics Journal1943-06552019-01-011151810.1109/JPHOT.2019.29429738846035Zero-Birefringence Silicon Waveguides Based on Tilted Subwavelength MetamaterialsAlaine Herrero-Bermello0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7842-5007Jose Manuel Luque-Gonzalez1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6838-8641Robert Halir2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5560-3189Pavel Cheben3Alejandro Ortega-Monux4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8313-6381Inigo Molina-Fernandez5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-4117Aitor V. Velasco6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-8595Instituto de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient&#x00ED;ficas, Madrid, Espa&#x00F1;aDepto. de Ingeniería de Comunicaciones, Universidad de M&#x00E1;laga, ETSI Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, Campus de Teatinos s/n, M&#x00E1;laga, Espa&#x00F1;aDepto. de Ingeniería de Comunicaciones, Universidad de M&#x00E1;laga, ETSI Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, Campus de Teatinos s/n, M&#x00E1;laga, Espa&#x00F1;aNational Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, CanadaDepto. de Ingeniería de Comunicaciones, Universidad de M&#x00E1;laga, ETSI Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, Campus de Teatinos s/n, M&#x00E1;laga, Espa&#x00F1;aDepto. de Ingeniería de Comunicaciones, Universidad de M&#x00E1;laga, ETSI Telecomunicaci&#x00F3;n, Campus de Teatinos s/n, M&#x00E1;laga, Espa&#x00F1;aInstituto de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient&#x00ED;ficas, Madrid, Espa&#x00F1;aPolarization independent silicon-on-insulator nanowires are highly sought after, due the inherent high birefringence of this material platform. State-of-the-art designs of non-birefringent waveguides include ridge waveguides and square nanowires, which either imply large dimensions, multiple etching steps, low fabrication tolerances or high wavelength dependence. In this work, we overcome all the aforementioned limitations through tilted subwavelength structures which provide anisotropy control of the resulting metamaterial. With a waveguide cross section of only 300&#x00A0;nm &#x00D7; 550&#x00A0;nm (height &#x00D7; width), the zero-birefringence point is obtained for an approximately <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$48^\circ$</tex-math></inline-formula>-tilt of the subwavelength structure. Birefringence of the nominal design deteriorates by only <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$9.10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> even in the presence of size deviations of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula>10&#x00A0;nm. Moreover, birefringence is maintained under <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.10^{-3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> in a 100-nm bandwidth around the central wavelength of 1550&#x00A0;nm. This innovative approach is readly adaptable to a wide range of waveguide sizes, while maintaining single-etch-step fabrication.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8846035/Zero-birefringence waveguidespolarization independenceanisotropy engineeringsub-wavelength grating (SWG)silicon-on-insulator (SOI).
spellingShingle Alaine Herrero-Bermello
Jose Manuel Luque-Gonzalez
Robert Halir
Pavel Cheben
Alejandro Ortega-Monux
Inigo Molina-Fernandez
Aitor V. Velasco
Zero-Birefringence Silicon Waveguides Based on Tilted Subwavelength Metamaterials
IEEE Photonics Journal
Zero-birefringence waveguides
polarization independence
anisotropy engineering
sub-wavelength grating (SWG)
silicon-on-insulator (SOI).
title Zero-Birefringence Silicon Waveguides Based on Tilted Subwavelength Metamaterials
title_full Zero-Birefringence Silicon Waveguides Based on Tilted Subwavelength Metamaterials
title_fullStr Zero-Birefringence Silicon Waveguides Based on Tilted Subwavelength Metamaterials
title_full_unstemmed Zero-Birefringence Silicon Waveguides Based on Tilted Subwavelength Metamaterials
title_short Zero-Birefringence Silicon Waveguides Based on Tilted Subwavelength Metamaterials
title_sort zero birefringence silicon waveguides based on tilted subwavelength metamaterials
topic Zero-birefringence waveguides
polarization independence
anisotropy engineering
sub-wavelength grating (SWG)
silicon-on-insulator (SOI).
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8846035/
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AT roberthalir zerobirefringencesiliconwaveguidesbasedontiltedsubwavelengthmetamaterials
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