De Novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from Pakistan
Abstract Purpose Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with 20–30% of early-stage patients eventually developing metastases, often in bones. Despite the high incidence, risk factors for de novo bone metastasis are understudied in local populations. Methods This sin...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Cancer |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14187-9 |
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| author | Eman Anwar Aqsa Amjad Akbar Jaleel Zubairi Muhammad Maisam Ali Sana Zeeshan |
| author_facet | Eman Anwar Aqsa Amjad Akbar Jaleel Zubairi Muhammad Maisam Ali Sana Zeeshan |
| author_sort | Eman Anwar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with 20–30% of early-stage patients eventually developing metastases, often in bones. Despite the high incidence, risk factors for de novo bone metastasis are understudied in local populations. Methods This single-center, retrospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and risk factors were assessed. Patients with de novo bone metastasis were compared to non-stage IV cases using binary univariate and multivariate logistic regression, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Among 2565 patients, 93 (3.6%) presented with bone only metastasis (BOM) and 135 (5.3%) presented with bone and visceral metastasis together. The median age was 51 years, with females predominating. Multivariate analysis revealed that triple-negative breast carcinoma had lower odds (OR 0.36, 95% CI (0.16–0.79) p < 0.001). Advanced T and N stages and tumor grade II were linked to higher odds of bone-only metastasis. The 2-year overall survival of participants with BOM was 93% (CI: 83.7–97%). Conclusion This study identifies key risk factors that provide the basis for early detection and intervention strategies. While it has a few limitations, these findings can guide future research and inform risk assessment models for more diverse populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe26cb2bc34b474eaf7f0eec2f0f5696 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1471-2407 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Cancer |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe26cb2bc34b474eaf7f0eec2f0f56962025-08-20T03:03:37ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-07-0125111110.1186/s12885-025-14187-9De Novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from PakistanEman Anwar0Aqsa Amjad1Akbar Jaleel Zubairi2Muhammad Maisam Ali3Sana Zeeshan4Medical Student, Aga Khan University HospitalMedical Student, Aga Khan University HospitalSection of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University HospitalDivision of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthSection of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University HospitalAbstract Purpose Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with 20–30% of early-stage patients eventually developing metastases, often in bones. Despite the high incidence, risk factors for de novo bone metastasis are understudied in local populations. Methods This single-center, retrospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and risk factors were assessed. Patients with de novo bone metastasis were compared to non-stage IV cases using binary univariate and multivariate logistic regression, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results Among 2565 patients, 93 (3.6%) presented with bone only metastasis (BOM) and 135 (5.3%) presented with bone and visceral metastasis together. The median age was 51 years, with females predominating. Multivariate analysis revealed that triple-negative breast carcinoma had lower odds (OR 0.36, 95% CI (0.16–0.79) p < 0.001). Advanced T and N stages and tumor grade II were linked to higher odds of bone-only metastasis. The 2-year overall survival of participants with BOM was 93% (CI: 83.7–97%). Conclusion This study identifies key risk factors that provide the basis for early detection and intervention strategies. While it has a few limitations, these findings can guide future research and inform risk assessment models for more diverse populations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14187-9Breast cancerBone metastasisStage IVOverall survival |
| spellingShingle | Eman Anwar Aqsa Amjad Akbar Jaleel Zubairi Muhammad Maisam Ali Sana Zeeshan De Novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from Pakistan BMC Cancer Breast cancer Bone metastasis Stage IV Overall survival |
| title | De Novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from Pakistan |
| title_full | De Novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | De Novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | De Novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from Pakistan |
| title_short | De Novo bone metastasis in breast cancer: tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from Pakistan |
| title_sort | de novo bone metastasis in breast cancer tumor biology and survival outcomes in a retrospective study from pakistan |
| topic | Breast cancer Bone metastasis Stage IV Overall survival |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14187-9 |
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