Sex Differences and Pathogen Patterns in Surgically Treated Aortic Valve Endocarditis over 15 Years
Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious public health concern due to its high morbidity and lethality. This study investigates epidemiological trends in aortic valve endocarditis, focusing on sex-related differences in microbial etiology and surgical outcomes over a 15-year period. Meth...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Elisa Mikus Mariafrancesca Fiorentino Diego Sangiorgi Antonino Costantino Simone Calvi Elena Tenti Elena Tremoli Alberto Tripodi Carlo Savini |
| author_facet | Elisa Mikus Mariafrancesca Fiorentino Diego Sangiorgi Antonino Costantino Simone Calvi Elena Tenti Elena Tremoli Alberto Tripodi Carlo Savini |
| author_sort | Elisa Mikus |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious public health concern due to its high morbidity and lethality. This study investigates epidemiological trends in aortic valve endocarditis, focusing on sex-related differences in microbial etiology and surgical outcomes over a 15-year period. Methods: From January 2010 to January 2024, 608 patients underwent cardiac surgery for IE at our center. Of these, 274 patients received isolated aortic valve replacement. This retrospective, single-center study analyzes these cases. Results: Despite a decline in overall aortic valve replacement surgeries, a significant increase in surgeries due to aortic valve endocarditis was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Both sexes showed a rising incidence of aortic valve endocarditis, with females undergoing surgery at an older age, particularly in native valve cases (<i>p</i> = 0.008). In prosthetic valve cases, this age difference was less pronounced (<i>p</i> = 0.050). While sex did not influence microbial etiology in native valve endocarditis, females with prosthetic valves were more frequently infected by <i>Streptococcus</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.033). <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections increased in native valves (<i>p</i> = 0.016). Conclusions: Over 15 years, surgical aortic valve endocarditis has risen in both sexes. Males are more often affected by native valve cases, while females develop it later. Neither gender nor microbial etiology independently predicts death. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe21e9eae94448b686ca984257d1289a |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2036-7481 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe21e9eae94448b686ca984257d1289a2025-08-20T02:44:50ZengMDPI AGMicrobiology Research2036-74812025-01-011623310.3390/microbiolres16020033Sex Differences and Pathogen Patterns in Surgically Treated Aortic Valve Endocarditis over 15 YearsElisa Mikus0Mariafrancesca Fiorentino1Diego Sangiorgi2Antonino Costantino3Simone Calvi4Elena Tenti5Elena Tremoli6Alberto Tripodi7Carlo Savini8Cardiovascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyCardiovascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyCardiovascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyCardiovascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyCardiovascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyCardiovascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyCardiovascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyCardiovascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyCardiovascular Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, ItalyBackground: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious public health concern due to its high morbidity and lethality. This study investigates epidemiological trends in aortic valve endocarditis, focusing on sex-related differences in microbial etiology and surgical outcomes over a 15-year period. Methods: From January 2010 to January 2024, 608 patients underwent cardiac surgery for IE at our center. Of these, 274 patients received isolated aortic valve replacement. This retrospective, single-center study analyzes these cases. Results: Despite a decline in overall aortic valve replacement surgeries, a significant increase in surgeries due to aortic valve endocarditis was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Both sexes showed a rising incidence of aortic valve endocarditis, with females undergoing surgery at an older age, particularly in native valve cases (<i>p</i> = 0.008). In prosthetic valve cases, this age difference was less pronounced (<i>p</i> = 0.050). While sex did not influence microbial etiology in native valve endocarditis, females with prosthetic valves were more frequently infected by <i>Streptococcus</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.033). <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections increased in native valves (<i>p</i> = 0.016). Conclusions: Over 15 years, surgical aortic valve endocarditis has risen in both sexes. Males are more often affected by native valve cases, while females develop it later. Neither gender nor microbial etiology independently predicts death.https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/33sexbacterial endocarditisnative aortic valveprosthetic aortic valve |
| spellingShingle | Elisa Mikus Mariafrancesca Fiorentino Diego Sangiorgi Antonino Costantino Simone Calvi Elena Tenti Elena Tremoli Alberto Tripodi Carlo Savini Sex Differences and Pathogen Patterns in Surgically Treated Aortic Valve Endocarditis over 15 Years Microbiology Research sex bacterial endocarditis native aortic valve prosthetic aortic valve |
| title | Sex Differences and Pathogen Patterns in Surgically Treated Aortic Valve Endocarditis over 15 Years |
| title_full | Sex Differences and Pathogen Patterns in Surgically Treated Aortic Valve Endocarditis over 15 Years |
| title_fullStr | Sex Differences and Pathogen Patterns in Surgically Treated Aortic Valve Endocarditis over 15 Years |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences and Pathogen Patterns in Surgically Treated Aortic Valve Endocarditis over 15 Years |
| title_short | Sex Differences and Pathogen Patterns in Surgically Treated Aortic Valve Endocarditis over 15 Years |
| title_sort | sex differences and pathogen patterns in surgically treated aortic valve endocarditis over 15 years |
| topic | sex bacterial endocarditis native aortic valve prosthetic aortic valve |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2036-7481/16/2/33 |
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