New Insight of Time-transformed Symplectic Integrator. I. Hybrid Methods for Hierarchical Triples
Accurate N -body simulations of multiple systems such as binaries and triples are essential for understanding the formation and evolution of interacting binaries and binary mergers, including gravitational wave sources, blue stragglers, and X-ray binaries. The logarithmic time-transformed explicit s...
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad98f3 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850105695338233856 |
|---|---|
| author | Long Wang |
| author_facet | Long Wang |
| author_sort | Long Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accurate N -body simulations of multiple systems such as binaries and triples are essential for understanding the formation and evolution of interacting binaries and binary mergers, including gravitational wave sources, blue stragglers, and X-ray binaries. The logarithmic time-transformed explicit symplectic integrator (LogH), also known as algorithmic regularization, is a state-of-the-art method for this purpose. However, we show that this method is accurate for isolated Kepler orbits because of its ability to trace Keplerian trajectories, but much less accurate for hierarchical triple systems. The method can lead to an unphysical secular evolution of inner eccentricity in Kozal–Lidov triples, despite a small energy error. We demonstrate that hybrid methods, which apply LogH to the inner binary and alternative methods to the outer bodies, are significantly more effective, though not symplectic. Additionally, we introduce a more efficient hybrid method, BlogH, which eliminates the need for time synchronization and is time symmetric. The method is implemented in the few-body code SDAR. We explore suitable criteria for switching between the LogH and BlogH methods for general triple systems. These hybrid methods have the potential to enhance the integration performance of hierarchical triples. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fe0b1aeb978849ec832156c8b68d8bac |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-fe0b1aeb978849ec832156c8b68d8bac2025-08-20T02:38:59ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0197816510.3847/1538-4357/ad98f3New Insight of Time-transformed Symplectic Integrator. I. Hybrid Methods for Hierarchical TriplesLong Wang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8713-0366School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University , Daxue Road, Zhuhai, 519082, People’s Republic of China; CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area , Zhuhai, 519082, People’s Republic of ChinaAccurate N -body simulations of multiple systems such as binaries and triples are essential for understanding the formation and evolution of interacting binaries and binary mergers, including gravitational wave sources, blue stragglers, and X-ray binaries. The logarithmic time-transformed explicit symplectic integrator (LogH), also known as algorithmic regularization, is a state-of-the-art method for this purpose. However, we show that this method is accurate for isolated Kepler orbits because of its ability to trace Keplerian trajectories, but much less accurate for hierarchical triple systems. The method can lead to an unphysical secular evolution of inner eccentricity in Kozal–Lidov triples, despite a small energy error. We demonstrate that hybrid methods, which apply LogH to the inner binary and alternative methods to the outer bodies, are significantly more effective, though not symplectic. Additionally, we introduce a more efficient hybrid method, BlogH, which eliminates the need for time synchronization and is time symmetric. The method is implemented in the few-body code SDAR. We explore suitable criteria for switching between the LogH and BlogH methods for general triple systems. These hybrid methods have the potential to enhance the integration performance of hierarchical triples.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad98f3N-body simulationsN-body problemMultiple starsFew-body systemsAlgorithms |
| spellingShingle | Long Wang New Insight of Time-transformed Symplectic Integrator. I. Hybrid Methods for Hierarchical Triples The Astrophysical Journal N-body simulations N-body problem Multiple stars Few-body systems Algorithms |
| title | New Insight of Time-transformed Symplectic Integrator. I. Hybrid Methods for Hierarchical Triples |
| title_full | New Insight of Time-transformed Symplectic Integrator. I. Hybrid Methods for Hierarchical Triples |
| title_fullStr | New Insight of Time-transformed Symplectic Integrator. I. Hybrid Methods for Hierarchical Triples |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Insight of Time-transformed Symplectic Integrator. I. Hybrid Methods for Hierarchical Triples |
| title_short | New Insight of Time-transformed Symplectic Integrator. I. Hybrid Methods for Hierarchical Triples |
| title_sort | new insight of time transformed symplectic integrator i hybrid methods for hierarchical triples |
| topic | N-body simulations N-body problem Multiple stars Few-body systems Algorithms |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad98f3 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT longwang newinsightoftimetransformedsymplecticintegratorihybridmethodsforhierarchicaltriples |