A Scoping Review of Factors That Elevate the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Elite Male Field Team Sport Athletes

The primary aim of this scoping review was to identify practical risk factors associated with an elevated risk in anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACLI) in elite male field team athletes that can be applied meaningfully in screening tools by team support personnel. Five relevant databases were sea...

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Main Authors: Monica Galati, Madison Jamieson, Stephen Murray, Jo Vegar Haugen, Andrew Fayad, Kevin Netto, Dale W. Chapman, Rob Waller
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3420
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author Monica Galati
Madison Jamieson
Stephen Murray
Jo Vegar Haugen
Andrew Fayad
Kevin Netto
Dale W. Chapman
Rob Waller
author_facet Monica Galati
Madison Jamieson
Stephen Murray
Jo Vegar Haugen
Andrew Fayad
Kevin Netto
Dale W. Chapman
Rob Waller
author_sort Monica Galati
collection DOAJ
description The primary aim of this scoping review was to identify practical risk factors associated with an elevated risk in anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACLI) in elite male field team athletes that can be applied meaningfully in screening tools by team support personnel. Five relevant databases were searched (SportsDISCUS, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) following the PRISMA-ScR protocol using the criteria: (1) written in English and peer-reviewed; (2) full-text available; (3) discussed ACLI screening tests; (4) an elite athlete cohort; (5) males; (6) field team sport. The search identified 962 manuscripts, with nine manuscripts meeting the inclusion criteria. Field sports represented were soccer (n = 7), American football (n = 1), and a mixed-sport cohort of soccer, rugby, and field hockey (n = 1). Manuscripts reported modifiable risk factors (the joint range of motion n = 1, biomechanics n = 3, and strength n = 1) and non-modifiable (anatomical n = 2 and genetics n = 2). Whilst the joint range of motion screening indicated statistical significance to ACLI risk, there was little predictive value. Non-modifiable risk factors were significantly correlated to ACLI and reported a higher predictive capacity for ACLI risk. There is limited systematic research investigating and providing predictive insight for screening tests of ACLI risk in elite male team sport athletes. Future prospective investigations should consider the validity of ACLI screening tests in elite male field-based sport populations, and establish efficacy, so that sporting clubs can confidently implement screening tests of value into practice.
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spelling doaj-art-fe00f251a11d4482adf62bc95901e5df2025-08-20T03:06:16ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157342010.3390/app15073420A Scoping Review of Factors That Elevate the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Elite Male Field Team Sport AthletesMonica Galati0Madison Jamieson1Stephen Murray2Jo Vegar Haugen3Andrew Fayad4Kevin Netto5Dale W. Chapman6Rob Waller7Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaCurtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, AustraliaThe primary aim of this scoping review was to identify practical risk factors associated with an elevated risk in anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACLI) in elite male field team athletes that can be applied meaningfully in screening tools by team support personnel. Five relevant databases were searched (SportsDISCUS, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) following the PRISMA-ScR protocol using the criteria: (1) written in English and peer-reviewed; (2) full-text available; (3) discussed ACLI screening tests; (4) an elite athlete cohort; (5) males; (6) field team sport. The search identified 962 manuscripts, with nine manuscripts meeting the inclusion criteria. Field sports represented were soccer (n = 7), American football (n = 1), and a mixed-sport cohort of soccer, rugby, and field hockey (n = 1). Manuscripts reported modifiable risk factors (the joint range of motion n = 1, biomechanics n = 3, and strength n = 1) and non-modifiable (anatomical n = 2 and genetics n = 2). Whilst the joint range of motion screening indicated statistical significance to ACLI risk, there was little predictive value. Non-modifiable risk factors were significantly correlated to ACLI and reported a higher predictive capacity for ACLI risk. There is limited systematic research investigating and providing predictive insight for screening tests of ACLI risk in elite male team sport athletes. Future prospective investigations should consider the validity of ACLI screening tests in elite male field-based sport populations, and establish efficacy, so that sporting clubs can confidently implement screening tests of value into practice.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3420professional athletesscreening toolmodifiablenon-modifiablefield sport
spellingShingle Monica Galati
Madison Jamieson
Stephen Murray
Jo Vegar Haugen
Andrew Fayad
Kevin Netto
Dale W. Chapman
Rob Waller
A Scoping Review of Factors That Elevate the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Elite Male Field Team Sport Athletes
Applied Sciences
professional athletes
screening tool
modifiable
non-modifiable
field sport
title A Scoping Review of Factors That Elevate the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Elite Male Field Team Sport Athletes
title_full A Scoping Review of Factors That Elevate the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Elite Male Field Team Sport Athletes
title_fullStr A Scoping Review of Factors That Elevate the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Elite Male Field Team Sport Athletes
title_full_unstemmed A Scoping Review of Factors That Elevate the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Elite Male Field Team Sport Athletes
title_short A Scoping Review of Factors That Elevate the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Elite Male Field Team Sport Athletes
title_sort scoping review of factors that elevate the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in elite male field team sport athletes
topic professional athletes
screening tool
modifiable
non-modifiable
field sport
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3420
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