3GPP Evolution from 5G to 6G: A 10-Year Retrospective

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) evolution of mobile communication technologies from 5G to 6G has been a transformative journey spanning a decade, shaped by six releases from Release 15 to Release 20. This article provides a retrospective of this evolution, highlighting the technical ad...

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Main Author: Xingqin Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Telecom
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/6/2/32
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author Xingqin Lin
author_facet Xingqin Lin
author_sort Xingqin Lin
collection DOAJ
description The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) evolution of mobile communication technologies from 5G to 6G has been a transformative journey spanning a decade, shaped by six releases from Release 15 to Release 20. This article provides a retrospective of this evolution, highlighting the technical advancements, challenges, and milestones that have defined the transition from the foundational 5G era to the emergence of 6G. Starting with Release 15, which marked the birth of 5G and its New Radio (NR) air interface, the journey progressed through Release 16, where 5G was qualified as an International Mobile Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020) technology, and Release 17, which expanded 5G into new domains such as non-terrestrial networks. Release 18 ushered in the 5G-Advanced era, incorporating novel technologies like artificial intelligence. Releases 19 and 20 continue this momentum, focusing on commercially driven enhancements while laying the groundwork for the 6G era. This article explores how 3GPP technology evolution has shaped the telecommunications landscape over the past decade, bridging two mobile generations. It concludes with insights into learned lessons, future challenges, and opportunities, offering guidelines on 6G evolution for 2030 and beyond.
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spelling doaj-art-fdc73e2dbb92470589c105e9fce0062e2025-08-20T03:27:26ZengMDPI AGTelecom2673-40012025-05-01623210.3390/telecom60200323GPP Evolution from 5G to 6G: A 10-Year RetrospectiveXingqin Lin0NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USAThe 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) evolution of mobile communication technologies from 5G to 6G has been a transformative journey spanning a decade, shaped by six releases from Release 15 to Release 20. This article provides a retrospective of this evolution, highlighting the technical advancements, challenges, and milestones that have defined the transition from the foundational 5G era to the emergence of 6G. Starting with Release 15, which marked the birth of 5G and its New Radio (NR) air interface, the journey progressed through Release 16, where 5G was qualified as an International Mobile Telecommunications-2020 (IMT-2020) technology, and Release 17, which expanded 5G into new domains such as non-terrestrial networks. Release 18 ushered in the 5G-Advanced era, incorporating novel technologies like artificial intelligence. Releases 19 and 20 continue this momentum, focusing on commercially driven enhancements while laying the groundwork for the 6G era. This article explores how 3GPP technology evolution has shaped the telecommunications landscape over the past decade, bridging two mobile generations. It concludes with insights into learned lessons, future challenges, and opportunities, offering guidelines on 6G evolution for 2030 and beyond.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/6/2/323GPP5G6Gcellular networkscommunications standards
spellingShingle Xingqin Lin
3GPP Evolution from 5G to 6G: A 10-Year Retrospective
Telecom
3GPP
5G
6G
cellular networks
communications standards
title 3GPP Evolution from 5G to 6G: A 10-Year Retrospective
title_full 3GPP Evolution from 5G to 6G: A 10-Year Retrospective
title_fullStr 3GPP Evolution from 5G to 6G: A 10-Year Retrospective
title_full_unstemmed 3GPP Evolution from 5G to 6G: A 10-Year Retrospective
title_short 3GPP Evolution from 5G to 6G: A 10-Year Retrospective
title_sort 3gpp evolution from 5g to 6g a 10 year retrospective
topic 3GPP
5G
6G
cellular networks
communications standards
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4001/6/2/32
work_keys_str_mv AT xingqinlin 3gppevolutionfrom5gto6ga10yearretrospective