Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2+
Aims: Magnesium ions (Mg2+) play an important role in promoting cartilage repair in cartilage lesions. However, no research has focused on the role of Mg2+ combined with microfracture (MFX) in hyaline-like cartilage repair mediated by cartilage injury. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Bone & Joint Research |
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| Online Access: | https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/epdf/10.1302/2046-3758.141.BJR-2024-0017.R2 |
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| author | Zhian Chen Tianhua Zhou Zhengbo Yin Peiya Duan Ying Zhang Yujiao Feng Rongmao Shi Yongqing Xu Rongqing Pang Hongbo Tan |
| author_facet | Zhian Chen Tianhua Zhou Zhengbo Yin Peiya Duan Ying Zhang Yujiao Feng Rongmao Shi Yongqing Xu Rongqing Pang Hongbo Tan |
| author_sort | Zhian Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aims: Magnesium ions (Mg2+) play an important role in promoting cartilage repair in cartilage lesions. However, no research has focused on the role of Mg2+ combined with microfracture (MFX) in hyaline-like cartilage repair mediated by cartilage injury. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of the combination of MFX and Mg2+ in cartilage repair. Methods: A total of 60 rabbits were classified into five groups (n = 12 each): sham, MFX, and three different doses of Mg2+ treatment groups (0.05, 0.5, and 5 mol/L). Bone cartilage defects were created in the trochlear groove cartilage of rabbits. MFX surgery was performed after osteochondral defects. Mg2+ was injected into knee joints immediately and two and four weeks after surgery. At six and 12 weeks after surgery, the rabbits were killed. Cartilage damage was detected by gross observation, micro-CT, and histological analysis. The expression levels of related genes were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: The histological results showed that the 0.5 mol/L Mg2+ group had deeper positive staining in haematoxylin-eosin (H&E), safranin O, Alcian blue, and type II collagen staining. The new cartilage coverage in the injury area was more complete, and the regeneration of hyaline cartilage was higher. The RT-qPCR results showed that sirtuin 1/bone morphogenetic protein-2/sex-determining region Y box 9 (SIRT1/BMP-2/SOX-9) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) messenger RNA levels were up-regulated after Mg2+ injection. Conclusion: MFX combined with Mg2+ treatment has a positive effect on cartilage repair. The Mg2+ injection dose of 0.5 mol/L is most effective in enhancing microfracture-mediated cartilage repair. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2025;14(1):20–32. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fdae76bfbd9541e4addbefc92666531f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2046-3758 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bone & Joint Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-fdae76bfbd9541e4addbefc92666531f2025-01-28T06:54:24ZengThe British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint SurgeryBone & Joint Research2046-37582025-01-01141203210.1302/2046-3758.141.BJR-2024-0017.R2Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2+Zhian Chen0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2177-8378Tianhua Zhou1https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5753-6434Zhengbo Yin2https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2862-0481Peiya Duan3https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2628-3159Ying Zhang4https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9153-7594Yujiao Feng5https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0724-9527Rongmao Shi6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5039-0623Yongqing Xu7Rongqing Pang8Hongbo Tan9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-6629Graduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, ChinaGraduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaThe First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, ChinaGraduate School, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, ChinaBasic Medical Laboratory, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, ChinaDepartment of Orthopaedics, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force 920th Hospital, Kunming, ChinaAims: Magnesium ions (Mg2+) play an important role in promoting cartilage repair in cartilage lesions. However, no research has focused on the role of Mg2+ combined with microfracture (MFX) in hyaline-like cartilage repair mediated by cartilage injury. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of the combination of MFX and Mg2+ in cartilage repair. Methods: A total of 60 rabbits were classified into five groups (n = 12 each): sham, MFX, and three different doses of Mg2+ treatment groups (0.05, 0.5, and 5 mol/L). Bone cartilage defects were created in the trochlear groove cartilage of rabbits. MFX surgery was performed after osteochondral defects. Mg2+ was injected into knee joints immediately and two and four weeks after surgery. At six and 12 weeks after surgery, the rabbits were killed. Cartilage damage was detected by gross observation, micro-CT, and histological analysis. The expression levels of related genes were detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: The histological results showed that the 0.5 mol/L Mg2+ group had deeper positive staining in haematoxylin-eosin (H&E), safranin O, Alcian blue, and type II collagen staining. The new cartilage coverage in the injury area was more complete, and the regeneration of hyaline cartilage was higher. The RT-qPCR results showed that sirtuin 1/bone morphogenetic protein-2/sex-determining region Y box 9 (SIRT1/BMP-2/SOX-9) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) messenger RNA levels were up-regulated after Mg2+ injection. Conclusion: MFX combined with Mg2+ treatment has a positive effect on cartilage repair. The Mg2+ injection dose of 0.5 mol/L is most effective in enhancing microfracture-mediated cartilage repair. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2025;14(1):20–32.https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/epdf/10.1302/2046-3758.141.BJR-2024-0017.R2microfracturecartilage repairmg2+intra-articular injectioncartilage repairmicrofracturecartilage tissuestainingrabbit modelsbone morphogenetic protein-2 (bmp-2)cartilage damagesry-box transcription factor 9alcian blue |
| spellingShingle | Zhian Chen Tianhua Zhou Zhengbo Yin Peiya Duan Ying Zhang Yujiao Feng Rongmao Shi Yongqing Xu Rongqing Pang Hongbo Tan Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2+ Bone & Joint Research microfracture cartilage repair mg2+ intra-articular injection cartilage repair microfracture cartilage tissue staining rabbit models bone morphogenetic protein-2 (bmp-2) cartilage damage sry-box transcription factor 9 alcian blue |
| title | Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2+ |
| title_full | Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2+ |
| title_fullStr | Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2+ |
| title_full_unstemmed | Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2+ |
| title_short | Promotion of microfracture-mediated cartilage repair by the intra-articular injection of Mg2+ |
| title_sort | promotion of microfracture mediated cartilage repair by the intra articular injection of mg2 |
| topic | microfracture cartilage repair mg2+ intra-articular injection cartilage repair microfracture cartilage tissue staining rabbit models bone morphogenetic protein-2 (bmp-2) cartilage damage sry-box transcription factor 9 alcian blue |
| url | https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/epdf/10.1302/2046-3758.141.BJR-2024-0017.R2 |
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