Human Placental Extract as a Promising Epidural Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Enhancing Axonal Plasticity and Mitigating Pain and Inflammation in a Rat Model
ABSTRACT Background Epidural injections treat lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) by targeting localized inflammation and tissue damage. However, current medications such as corticosteroids and local anesthetics often have limited efficacy and significant adverse effects. Methods Human placental extract (H...
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2025-06-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70085 |
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| author | Jin Young Hong Hyun Kim Wan‐Jin Jeon Changhwan Yeo Junseon Lee Hyunseong Kim Yoon Jae Lee In‐Hyuk Ha |
| author_facet | Jin Young Hong Hyun Kim Wan‐Jin Jeon Changhwan Yeo Junseon Lee Hyunseong Kim Yoon Jae Lee In‐Hyuk Ha |
| author_sort | Jin Young Hong |
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| description | ABSTRACT Background Epidural injections treat lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) by targeting localized inflammation and tissue damage. However, current medications such as corticosteroids and local anesthetics often have limited efficacy and significant adverse effects. Methods Human placental extract (HPE), with regenerative and anti‐inflammatory properties, was tested for its axon‐promoting and pain‐relieving effects in an in vitro model using dorsal root ganglion neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Results Various HPE doses were applied, and 2.5 or 5 mg/mL enhanced cell viability and neurite outgrowth while alleviating the increased expression of pain‐related markers (IB4, CGRP, TRPV1) caused by H2O2 in a dose‐dependent manner. Subsequently, rats with LSS received epidural injections of 10 or 20 mg/kg HPE five times weekly for four weeks. In vivo results showed that repeated HPE injections significantly reduced ED1+ macrophages and altered the expression of M1 (iNOS, TNF‐α, COX‐2) and M2 (Arg1, CD206) macrophage markers. Pain‐related markers (TRPV1, IB4, CGRP, NF200) and genes (Il1rn, Scn9a) were significantly downregulated in 3D dorsal root ganglion tissues. Additionally, the 3D spinal cord exhibited increased serotonergic axons and upregulated expression of genes related to axonal growth and neurotrophic factors (Nefh, Ngf, Bdnf, Gap43). Conclusions Our findings suggest that repeated epidural injections of human placental extract in LSS rats can improve locomotor function. This underscores the potential benefits of human placental extract as an epidural agent, enhancing the recovery process and offering a new and minimally invasive treatment strategy for LSS. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fda54590dcef4edbabfb5264b873eb12 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2572-1143 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | JOR Spine |
| spelling | doaj-art-fda54590dcef4edbabfb5264b873eb122025-08-20T03:28:01ZengWileyJOR Spine2572-11432025-06-0182n/an/a10.1002/jsp2.70085Human Placental Extract as a Promising Epidural Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Enhancing Axonal Plasticity and Mitigating Pain and Inflammation in a Rat ModelJin Young Hong0Hyun Kim1Wan‐Jin Jeon2Changhwan Yeo3Junseon Lee4Hyunseong Kim5Yoon Jae Lee6In‐Hyuk Ha7Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute Jaseng Medical Foundation Seoul Republic of KoreaJaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute Jaseng Medical Foundation Seoul Republic of KoreaJaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute Jaseng Medical Foundation Seoul Republic of KoreaJaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute Jaseng Medical Foundation Seoul Republic of KoreaJaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute Jaseng Medical Foundation Seoul Republic of KoreaJaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute Jaseng Medical Foundation Seoul Republic of KoreaJaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute Jaseng Medical Foundation Seoul Republic of KoreaJaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute Jaseng Medical Foundation Seoul Republic of KoreaABSTRACT Background Epidural injections treat lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) by targeting localized inflammation and tissue damage. However, current medications such as corticosteroids and local anesthetics often have limited efficacy and significant adverse effects. Methods Human placental extract (HPE), with regenerative and anti‐inflammatory properties, was tested for its axon‐promoting and pain‐relieving effects in an in vitro model using dorsal root ganglion neurons exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Results Various HPE doses were applied, and 2.5 or 5 mg/mL enhanced cell viability and neurite outgrowth while alleviating the increased expression of pain‐related markers (IB4, CGRP, TRPV1) caused by H2O2 in a dose‐dependent manner. Subsequently, rats with LSS received epidural injections of 10 or 20 mg/kg HPE five times weekly for four weeks. In vivo results showed that repeated HPE injections significantly reduced ED1+ macrophages and altered the expression of M1 (iNOS, TNF‐α, COX‐2) and M2 (Arg1, CD206) macrophage markers. Pain‐related markers (TRPV1, IB4, CGRP, NF200) and genes (Il1rn, Scn9a) were significantly downregulated in 3D dorsal root ganglion tissues. Additionally, the 3D spinal cord exhibited increased serotonergic axons and upregulated expression of genes related to axonal growth and neurotrophic factors (Nefh, Ngf, Bdnf, Gap43). Conclusions Our findings suggest that repeated epidural injections of human placental extract in LSS rats can improve locomotor function. This underscores the potential benefits of human placental extract as an epidural agent, enhancing the recovery process and offering a new and minimally invasive treatment strategy for LSS.https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70085axonal growthhuman placental extractinflammationlumbar spinal stenosisrepetitive epidural injectionsserotonergic axons |
| spellingShingle | Jin Young Hong Hyun Kim Wan‐Jin Jeon Changhwan Yeo Junseon Lee Hyunseong Kim Yoon Jae Lee In‐Hyuk Ha Human Placental Extract as a Promising Epidural Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Enhancing Axonal Plasticity and Mitigating Pain and Inflammation in a Rat Model JOR Spine axonal growth human placental extract inflammation lumbar spinal stenosis repetitive epidural injections serotonergic axons |
| title | Human Placental Extract as a Promising Epidural Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Enhancing Axonal Plasticity and Mitigating Pain and Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_full | Human Placental Extract as a Promising Epidural Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Enhancing Axonal Plasticity and Mitigating Pain and Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Human Placental Extract as a Promising Epidural Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Enhancing Axonal Plasticity and Mitigating Pain and Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Placental Extract as a Promising Epidural Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Enhancing Axonal Plasticity and Mitigating Pain and Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_short | Human Placental Extract as a Promising Epidural Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Enhancing Axonal Plasticity and Mitigating Pain and Inflammation in a Rat Model |
| title_sort | human placental extract as a promising epidural therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis enhancing axonal plasticity and mitigating pain and inflammation in a rat model |
| topic | axonal growth human placental extract inflammation lumbar spinal stenosis repetitive epidural injections serotonergic axons |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsp2.70085 |
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