Dynamic optimization of solar DG and shunt capacitor placement to mitigate the impact of EV charging stations on power distribution network

The sudden surge in electric vehicle (EV) adoption has significantly increased electricity demand, posing new challenges for radial distribution networks (RDNs). The large-scale deployment of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) introduces operational issues such as elevated power losses, volta...

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Main Authors: T. Yuvaraj, M. Thirumalai, T.D. Suresh, Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti, Mohammad Khishe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025028683
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author T. Yuvaraj
M. Thirumalai
T.D. Suresh
Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti
Mohammad Khishe
author_facet T. Yuvaraj
M. Thirumalai
T.D. Suresh
Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti
Mohammad Khishe
author_sort T. Yuvaraj
collection DOAJ
description The sudden surge in electric vehicle (EV) adoption has significantly increased electricity demand, posing new challenges for radial distribution networks (RDNs). The large-scale deployment of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) introduces operational issues such as elevated power losses, voltage instability, and line overloading, thereby testing the grid's robustness and efficiency. To address these challenges, this research proposes a novel optimization framework that integrates the quasi-refined slime mould algorithm (QRSMA) with conventional slime mould algorithm (SMA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques for the optimal placement of solar-based distributed generators (SDGs) and shunt capacitors (SCs). The proposed method aims to minimize a multi-objective function incorporating real and reactive power losses, voltage deviation, and voltage stability, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of RDN operations. The framework employs stochastic modeling based on four years of hourly meteorological data to account for uncertainties in solar irradiance and temperature. Additionally, the EVCS model includes dynamic operational aspects such as mean queue lengths, waiting times, and demand response (DR) load control. The methodology is validated using both a practical Indian 28-bus RDN and the large-scale IEEE 118-bus system to assess scalability and generalizability. Simulation results confirm the superior performance of QRSMA in improving voltage profiles, reducing power losses, and achieving better computational efficiency compared to conventional optimization algorithms. Sensitivity analyses further demonstrate the robustness of QRSMA under varying objective priorities. Moreover, the economic assessment using the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) indicates strong financial viability for real-world implementation. This work underscores the importance of coordinated planning of SDGs and SCs to mitigate EVCS-induced challenges and provides a scalable, efficient solution for modern, EV-integrated smart grids.
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spelling doaj-art-fd92ebe632da42f1ab50cc1536dd22702025-08-25T04:14:42ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710680410.1016/j.rineng.2025.106804Dynamic optimization of solar DG and shunt capacitor placement to mitigate the impact of EV charging stations on power distribution networkT. Yuvaraj0M. Thirumalai1T.D. Suresh2Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti3Mohammad Khishe4Centre for Smart Energy Systems, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai 600069, IndiaDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Saveetha Engineering College, Chennai 602105, IndiaDepartment of Mechatronics, T.S. Srinivasan Centre for Polytechnic College and Advanced Training (CPAT-TVS), Chennai 600 095, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; Centre for Cyber Physical food, Energy and Water Systems, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2006, South AfricaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Imam Khomeini Naval Science University of Nowshahr, Nowshahr, Iran; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11937, Jordan; Corresponding author.The sudden surge in electric vehicle (EV) adoption has significantly increased electricity demand, posing new challenges for radial distribution networks (RDNs). The large-scale deployment of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) introduces operational issues such as elevated power losses, voltage instability, and line overloading, thereby testing the grid's robustness and efficiency. To address these challenges, this research proposes a novel optimization framework that integrates the quasi-refined slime mould algorithm (QRSMA) with conventional slime mould algorithm (SMA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques for the optimal placement of solar-based distributed generators (SDGs) and shunt capacitors (SCs). The proposed method aims to minimize a multi-objective function incorporating real and reactive power losses, voltage deviation, and voltage stability, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of RDN operations. The framework employs stochastic modeling based on four years of hourly meteorological data to account for uncertainties in solar irradiance and temperature. Additionally, the EVCS model includes dynamic operational aspects such as mean queue lengths, waiting times, and demand response (DR) load control. The methodology is validated using both a practical Indian 28-bus RDN and the large-scale IEEE 118-bus system to assess scalability and generalizability. Simulation results confirm the superior performance of QRSMA in improving voltage profiles, reducing power losses, and achieving better computational efficiency compared to conventional optimization algorithms. Sensitivity analyses further demonstrate the robustness of QRSMA under varying objective priorities. Moreover, the economic assessment using the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) indicates strong financial viability for real-world implementation. This work underscores the importance of coordinated planning of SDGs and SCs to mitigate EVCS-induced challenges and provides a scalable, efficient solution for modern, EV-integrated smart grids.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025028683Electrical vehicleQuasi-reflection-based slime mould algorithmSolar distributed generationShunt capacitorLevelized cost of energyMulti-objective function
spellingShingle T. Yuvaraj
M. Thirumalai
T.D. Suresh
Sudhakar Babu Thanikanti
Mohammad Khishe
Dynamic optimization of solar DG and shunt capacitor placement to mitigate the impact of EV charging stations on power distribution network
Results in Engineering
Electrical vehicle
Quasi-reflection-based slime mould algorithm
Solar distributed generation
Shunt capacitor
Levelized cost of energy
Multi-objective function
title Dynamic optimization of solar DG and shunt capacitor placement to mitigate the impact of EV charging stations on power distribution network
title_full Dynamic optimization of solar DG and shunt capacitor placement to mitigate the impact of EV charging stations on power distribution network
title_fullStr Dynamic optimization of solar DG and shunt capacitor placement to mitigate the impact of EV charging stations on power distribution network
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic optimization of solar DG and shunt capacitor placement to mitigate the impact of EV charging stations on power distribution network
title_short Dynamic optimization of solar DG and shunt capacitor placement to mitigate the impact of EV charging stations on power distribution network
title_sort dynamic optimization of solar dg and shunt capacitor placement to mitigate the impact of ev charging stations on power distribution network
topic Electrical vehicle
Quasi-reflection-based slime mould algorithm
Solar distributed generation
Shunt capacitor
Levelized cost of energy
Multi-objective function
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025028683
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AT tdsuresh dynamicoptimizationofsolardgandshuntcapacitorplacementtomitigatetheimpactofevchargingstationsonpowerdistributionnetwork
AT sudhakarbabuthanikanti dynamicoptimizationofsolardgandshuntcapacitorplacementtomitigatetheimpactofevchargingstationsonpowerdistributionnetwork
AT mohammadkhishe dynamicoptimizationofsolardgandshuntcapacitorplacementtomitigatetheimpactofevchargingstationsonpowerdistributionnetwork