Extracellular vesicles as prospective biological indicators for midgestational placental complications in the mouse

BackgroundPlacental dysfunction is often associated with reproductive complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preterm birth. Currently, the early diagnosis and intervention of these pathologies remain challenging due to the invasive nature of placental tissue...

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Main Authors: Elaine Lee, Parinaz Kazemi, Shiva Shafiei, Sarah Yull, Mansuba Rana, Nadim Tawil, Laura Montermini, Janusz Rak, Daniel Dufort
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1636335/full
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author Elaine Lee
Elaine Lee
Parinaz Kazemi
Parinaz Kazemi
Shiva Shafiei
Shiva Shafiei
Sarah Yull
Sarah Yull
Mansuba Rana
Mansuba Rana
Nadim Tawil
Laura Montermini
Janusz Rak
Janusz Rak
Janusz Rak
Daniel Dufort
Daniel Dufort
Daniel Dufort
author_facet Elaine Lee
Elaine Lee
Parinaz Kazemi
Parinaz Kazemi
Shiva Shafiei
Shiva Shafiei
Sarah Yull
Sarah Yull
Mansuba Rana
Mansuba Rana
Nadim Tawil
Laura Montermini
Janusz Rak
Janusz Rak
Janusz Rak
Daniel Dufort
Daniel Dufort
Daniel Dufort
author_sort Elaine Lee
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundPlacental dysfunction is often associated with reproductive complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preterm birth. Currently, the early diagnosis and intervention of these pathologies remain challenging due to the invasive nature of placental tissue sampling. Liquid biopsies of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the placenta have emerged as a prospective minimally invasive diagnostic strategy that could provide insight into the maternal-fetal interface because of the active role EVs play in mediating placental development and function. However, the lack of information on EVs directly from placenta at disease onset has questioned the representativeness of placental EVs as pathological indicators. To address these concerns, this study assessed the accuracy with which tissue-derived D10.5 placental EVs could identify phenotypes exhibited by a reproductively challenged Nodal conditional knockout mouse model at mid-gestation.MethodImplantation sites from female mice with a uterine-specific knockdown of the Nodal gene were examined from D8.5 to D14.5 utilizing histological analysis, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR to characterize their mid-gestational phenotypes. Placental EVs were then isolated from D10.5 placenta using enzymatic digestion, differential centrifugation, filtration, and size-exclusion chromatography. The final EV fractions were concentrated and validated with size analysis, canonical protein markers, and morphology assessment. Differential expression analysis across the EV samples was performed using proteomics and miRNA-Seq. Functional enrichment analysis of dysregulated EV factors was then completed using several gene ontology databases along with a literature review to determine whether placental EVs could indicate the reproductive abnormalities presented by the mutant mice.ResultsUterine-specific deletion of Nodal resulted in IUGR and fetal loss in mutant dams. Decidualization and placentation defects were observed, including thinner decidual and placental tissues, impaired angiogenesis, and an altered junctional zone within the maternal-fetal interface. Bioinformatics analysis of EV cargo identified 31 differentially expressed proteins and 10 miRNAs specifically linked to placental development, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. Notably, 15 of these proteins and six of these miRNAs have been previously associated with pregnancy complications, further supporting the prospects of placental EVs as biomarkers for various placental diseases.ConclusionThese findings suggest that placental EVs can reflect compromised placental function and could serve as pathological indicators for the early detection of pregnancy complications. Their potential diagnostic utility could improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes by enabling earlier intervention and monitoring of high-risk pregnancies.
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spelling doaj-art-fd8c773f5bd74a52bb4a398fb6e5e1292025-08-20T03:32:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2025-07-011310.3389/fcell.2025.16363351636335Extracellular vesicles as prospective biological indicators for midgestational placental complications in the mouseElaine Lee0Elaine Lee1Parinaz Kazemi2Parinaz Kazemi3Shiva Shafiei4Shiva Shafiei5Sarah Yull6Sarah Yull7Mansuba Rana8Mansuba Rana9Nadim Tawil10Laura Montermini11Janusz Rak12Janusz Rak13Janusz Rak14Daniel Dufort15Daniel Dufort16Daniel Dufort17Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaDivision of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDivision of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDivision of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaDivision of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaChild Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, CanadaDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaBackgroundPlacental dysfunction is often associated with reproductive complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and preterm birth. Currently, the early diagnosis and intervention of these pathologies remain challenging due to the invasive nature of placental tissue sampling. Liquid biopsies of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the placenta have emerged as a prospective minimally invasive diagnostic strategy that could provide insight into the maternal-fetal interface because of the active role EVs play in mediating placental development and function. However, the lack of information on EVs directly from placenta at disease onset has questioned the representativeness of placental EVs as pathological indicators. To address these concerns, this study assessed the accuracy with which tissue-derived D10.5 placental EVs could identify phenotypes exhibited by a reproductively challenged Nodal conditional knockout mouse model at mid-gestation.MethodImplantation sites from female mice with a uterine-specific knockdown of the Nodal gene were examined from D8.5 to D14.5 utilizing histological analysis, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR to characterize their mid-gestational phenotypes. Placental EVs were then isolated from D10.5 placenta using enzymatic digestion, differential centrifugation, filtration, and size-exclusion chromatography. The final EV fractions were concentrated and validated with size analysis, canonical protein markers, and morphology assessment. Differential expression analysis across the EV samples was performed using proteomics and miRNA-Seq. Functional enrichment analysis of dysregulated EV factors was then completed using several gene ontology databases along with a literature review to determine whether placental EVs could indicate the reproductive abnormalities presented by the mutant mice.ResultsUterine-specific deletion of Nodal resulted in IUGR and fetal loss in mutant dams. Decidualization and placentation defects were observed, including thinner decidual and placental tissues, impaired angiogenesis, and an altered junctional zone within the maternal-fetal interface. Bioinformatics analysis of EV cargo identified 31 differentially expressed proteins and 10 miRNAs specifically linked to placental development, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. Notably, 15 of these proteins and six of these miRNAs have been previously associated with pregnancy complications, further supporting the prospects of placental EVs as biomarkers for various placental diseases.ConclusionThese findings suggest that placental EVs can reflect compromised placental function and could serve as pathological indicators for the early detection of pregnancy complications. Their potential diagnostic utility could improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes by enabling earlier intervention and monitoring of high-risk pregnancies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1636335/fullpregnancyplacentaproteomicsmiRNAsNodalexosomes
spellingShingle Elaine Lee
Elaine Lee
Parinaz Kazemi
Parinaz Kazemi
Shiva Shafiei
Shiva Shafiei
Sarah Yull
Sarah Yull
Mansuba Rana
Mansuba Rana
Nadim Tawil
Laura Montermini
Janusz Rak
Janusz Rak
Janusz Rak
Daniel Dufort
Daniel Dufort
Daniel Dufort
Extracellular vesicles as prospective biological indicators for midgestational placental complications in the mouse
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
pregnancy
placenta
proteomics
miRNAs
Nodal
exosomes
title Extracellular vesicles as prospective biological indicators for midgestational placental complications in the mouse
title_full Extracellular vesicles as prospective biological indicators for midgestational placental complications in the mouse
title_fullStr Extracellular vesicles as prospective biological indicators for midgestational placental complications in the mouse
title_full_unstemmed Extracellular vesicles as prospective biological indicators for midgestational placental complications in the mouse
title_short Extracellular vesicles as prospective biological indicators for midgestational placental complications in the mouse
title_sort extracellular vesicles as prospective biological indicators for midgestational placental complications in the mouse
topic pregnancy
placenta
proteomics
miRNAs
Nodal
exosomes
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2025.1636335/full
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