The molecular architecture distinctions between compression, opposite and normal wood of Pinus radiata
In gymnosperms compression wood is a specialised type of structural cell wall formed in response to biomechanical stresses. The differences in terms of gross structure, ultrastructure and chemistry are well-known. However, the differences between compression wood, normal wood, and opposite wood rega...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1576928/full |
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| author | Rosalie Cresswell Alan Dickson Michael Robertson Suzanne Gallagher Regis Risani Marie Joo Le Guen Henry Temple Aleksandra Liszka Aleksandra Liszka Lloyd Donaldson Nigel Kirby John Ralph Stefan Hill Paul Dupree Ray Dupree Mathias Sorieul |
| author_facet | Rosalie Cresswell Alan Dickson Michael Robertson Suzanne Gallagher Regis Risani Marie Joo Le Guen Henry Temple Aleksandra Liszka Aleksandra Liszka Lloyd Donaldson Nigel Kirby John Ralph Stefan Hill Paul Dupree Ray Dupree Mathias Sorieul |
| author_sort | Rosalie Cresswell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In gymnosperms compression wood is a specialised type of structural cell wall formed in response to biomechanical stresses. The differences in terms of gross structure, ultrastructure and chemistry are well-known. However, the differences between compression wood, normal wood, and opposite wood regarding the arrangements and interactions of the various polymers and water within their cell walls still needs to be established. The analysis of 13C-labelled Pinus radiata by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and other complementary techniques revealed several new aspects of compression and opposite wood molecular architecture. Compared to normal wood, compression wood has a lower water content, its overall nanoporosity is reduced, and the water and matrix polymers have a lower molecular mobility. Galactan, which is a specific marker of compression wood, is broadly distributed within the cell wall, disordered, and not aligned with cellulose, and is found to be in close proximity to xylan. Dehydroabietic acid (a resin acid) is immobilised and close to the H-lignin only in compression wood. Although the overall molecular mobility of normal wood and opposite wood are similar, opposite wood has different arabinose conformations, a large increase in the amount of chain ends, contains significantly more galactan and has additional unassigned mobile components highlighting the different molecular arrangement of cell wall polymers in opposite and normal wood. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd8a6442203d4e78a9c970d91b014ed5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd8a6442203d4e78a9c970d91b014ed52025-08-20T02:15:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-05-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15769281576928The molecular architecture distinctions between compression, opposite and normal wood of Pinus radiataRosalie Cresswell0Alan Dickson1Michael Robertson2Suzanne Gallagher3Regis Risani4Marie Joo Le Guen5Henry Temple6Aleksandra Liszka7Aleksandra Liszka8Lloyd Donaldson9Nigel Kirby10John Ralph11Stefan Hill12Paul Dupree13Ray Dupree14Mathias Sorieul15Physics Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomForest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New ZealandForest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New ZealandForest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New ZealandForest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New ZealandForest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New ZealandSainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, PolandDoctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, PolandForest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New ZealandSAXS/WAXS Beamline, Australian Synchrotron, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaThe Department of Biochemistry, The Wisconsin Energy Institute and the United States Department of Energy’s (DOE) Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United StatesForest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New ZealandDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomPhysics Department, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomForest Genetics and Biotechnology, Scion, Rotorua, New ZealandIn gymnosperms compression wood is a specialised type of structural cell wall formed in response to biomechanical stresses. The differences in terms of gross structure, ultrastructure and chemistry are well-known. However, the differences between compression wood, normal wood, and opposite wood regarding the arrangements and interactions of the various polymers and water within their cell walls still needs to be established. The analysis of 13C-labelled Pinus radiata by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and other complementary techniques revealed several new aspects of compression and opposite wood molecular architecture. Compared to normal wood, compression wood has a lower water content, its overall nanoporosity is reduced, and the water and matrix polymers have a lower molecular mobility. Galactan, which is a specific marker of compression wood, is broadly distributed within the cell wall, disordered, and not aligned with cellulose, and is found to be in close proximity to xylan. Dehydroabietic acid (a resin acid) is immobilised and close to the H-lignin only in compression wood. Although the overall molecular mobility of normal wood and opposite wood are similar, opposite wood has different arabinose conformations, a large increase in the amount of chain ends, contains significantly more galactan and has additional unassigned mobile components highlighting the different molecular arrangement of cell wall polymers in opposite and normal wood.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1576928/fullsolid state NMR (ssNMR)compression wood (CW)secondary cell wall (SCW)opposite wood (OW)Pinus radiata (Monterey pine) |
| spellingShingle | Rosalie Cresswell Alan Dickson Michael Robertson Suzanne Gallagher Regis Risani Marie Joo Le Guen Henry Temple Aleksandra Liszka Aleksandra Liszka Lloyd Donaldson Nigel Kirby John Ralph Stefan Hill Paul Dupree Ray Dupree Mathias Sorieul The molecular architecture distinctions between compression, opposite and normal wood of Pinus radiata Frontiers in Plant Science solid state NMR (ssNMR) compression wood (CW) secondary cell wall (SCW) opposite wood (OW) Pinus radiata (Monterey pine) |
| title | The molecular architecture distinctions between compression, opposite and normal wood of Pinus radiata |
| title_full | The molecular architecture distinctions between compression, opposite and normal wood of Pinus radiata |
| title_fullStr | The molecular architecture distinctions between compression, opposite and normal wood of Pinus radiata |
| title_full_unstemmed | The molecular architecture distinctions between compression, opposite and normal wood of Pinus radiata |
| title_short | The molecular architecture distinctions between compression, opposite and normal wood of Pinus radiata |
| title_sort | molecular architecture distinctions between compression opposite and normal wood of pinus radiata |
| topic | solid state NMR (ssNMR) compression wood (CW) secondary cell wall (SCW) opposite wood (OW) Pinus radiata (Monterey pine) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1576928/full |
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