HRR-Based Calibration of an FDS Model for Office Fire Simulations Using Full-Scale Wood Crib Experiments

This study deals with the simulation of office fires by combining large-scale experiments with nine wooden cribs and a carefully calibrated computer model. It shows how real fire conditions, reaching up to 800–1000 °C, could be reproduced experimentally. The numerical model was validated by comparin...

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Main Authors: Iulian-Cristian Ene, Vlad Iordache, Mihai Dima, Ion Anghel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6909
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author Iulian-Cristian Ene
Vlad Iordache
Mihai Dima
Ion Anghel
author_facet Iulian-Cristian Ene
Vlad Iordache
Mihai Dima
Ion Anghel
author_sort Iulian-Cristian Ene
collection DOAJ
description This study deals with the simulation of office fires by combining large-scale experiments with nine wooden cribs and a carefully calibrated computer model. It shows how real fire conditions, reaching up to 800–1000 °C, could be reproduced experimentally. The numerical model was validated by comparing HRR and temperature data with real measurements. Accuracy was assessed using error metrics to ensure that the simulation closely approximates real fire behavior. The method of determining HRR through mass loss has been used in prior studies, but those typically involved small-scale setups and limited fire loads. Unlike most approaches in the field, this research is based on a full-scale experiment involving nine wooden cribs, offering superior realism and thermal intensity. The experimental data—temperature evolution, HRR, and observed destructive effects—were used to calibrate the FDS model. The strength of the study lies in the repeatability and accuracy of the simulation, its practical relevance, and its potential to improve fire safety evaluations for office spaces.
format Article
id doaj-art-fd82ef04cd3440dbad29c319cac6af3a
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-fd82ef04cd3440dbad29c319cac6af3a2025-08-20T03:26:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512690910.3390/app15126909HRR-Based Calibration of an FDS Model for Office Fire Simulations Using Full-Scale Wood Crib ExperimentsIulian-Cristian Ene0Vlad Iordache1Mihai Dima2Ion Anghel3CAMBI Research Center and Doctoral School, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, 020396 Bucharest, RomaniaCAMBI Research Center and Doctoral School, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, 020396 Bucharest, RomaniaCAMBI Research Center and Doctoral School, Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest, 020396 Bucharest, RomaniaFire Officers Faculty, Police Academy, 022451 Bucharest, RomaniaThis study deals with the simulation of office fires by combining large-scale experiments with nine wooden cribs and a carefully calibrated computer model. It shows how real fire conditions, reaching up to 800–1000 °C, could be reproduced experimentally. The numerical model was validated by comparing HRR and temperature data with real measurements. Accuracy was assessed using error metrics to ensure that the simulation closely approximates real fire behavior. The method of determining HRR through mass loss has been used in prior studies, but those typically involved small-scale setups and limited fire loads. Unlike most approaches in the field, this research is based on a full-scale experiment involving nine wooden cribs, offering superior realism and thermal intensity. The experimental data—temperature evolution, HRR, and observed destructive effects—were used to calibrate the FDS model. The strength of the study lies in the repeatability and accuracy of the simulation, its practical relevance, and its potential to improve fire safety evaluations for office spaces.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6909full-scale experimentHRR calibrationmass loss ratestatistical error measures
spellingShingle Iulian-Cristian Ene
Vlad Iordache
Mihai Dima
Ion Anghel
HRR-Based Calibration of an FDS Model for Office Fire Simulations Using Full-Scale Wood Crib Experiments
Applied Sciences
full-scale experiment
HRR calibration
mass loss rate
statistical error measures
title HRR-Based Calibration of an FDS Model for Office Fire Simulations Using Full-Scale Wood Crib Experiments
title_full HRR-Based Calibration of an FDS Model for Office Fire Simulations Using Full-Scale Wood Crib Experiments
title_fullStr HRR-Based Calibration of an FDS Model for Office Fire Simulations Using Full-Scale Wood Crib Experiments
title_full_unstemmed HRR-Based Calibration of an FDS Model for Office Fire Simulations Using Full-Scale Wood Crib Experiments
title_short HRR-Based Calibration of an FDS Model for Office Fire Simulations Using Full-Scale Wood Crib Experiments
title_sort hrr based calibration of an fds model for office fire simulations using full scale wood crib experiments
topic full-scale experiment
HRR calibration
mass loss rate
statistical error measures
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6909
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AT vladiordache hrrbasedcalibrationofanfdsmodelforofficefiresimulationsusingfullscalewoodcribexperiments
AT mihaidima hrrbasedcalibrationofanfdsmodelforofficefiresimulationsusingfullscalewoodcribexperiments
AT ionanghel hrrbasedcalibrationofanfdsmodelforofficefiresimulationsusingfullscalewoodcribexperiments