Evaluation of liquefaction resistance in chemically grouted sand using cyclic triaxial tests
Liquefaction induced by earthquakes poses a significant threat to infrastructure, particularly in loose sandy soils. Chemical grouting is a widely used countermeasure to enhance soil stability; however, its effectiveness under dynamic loading lacks standardized quantitative evaluation methods. This...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502938X |
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| author | Khin Nyein Chan Kyaw Toshiyuki Motohashi Shigeo Sasahara Shinya Inazumi |
| author_facet | Khin Nyein Chan Kyaw Toshiyuki Motohashi Shigeo Sasahara Shinya Inazumi |
| author_sort | Khin Nyein Chan Kyaw |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liquefaction induced by earthquakes poses a significant threat to infrastructure, particularly in loose sandy soils. Chemical grouting is a widely used countermeasure to enhance soil stability; however, its effectiveness under dynamic loading lacks standardized quantitative evaluation methods. This study evaluates the liquefaction resistance of chemically grouted sand using stress-controlled and strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests. Specimens treated with colloidal silica at concentrations of 6 %, 8 %, and 10 % were tested under undrained conditions with an effective confining pressure of 100 kPa and a loading frequency of 0.1 Hz. The strain-controlled method, applying a constant double-amplitude axial strain, was introduced as an alternative to mitigate tensile failure (necking) observed in stress-controlled tests. Liquefaction resistance was assessed using excess pore water pressure, axial strain criteria, and cumulative dissipated energy as a unified evaluation index. Results showed that higher silica concentrations significantly improved liquefaction resistance, with the 10 % concentration providing the greatest cyclic strength. Strain-controlled tests demonstrated greater consistency and avoided premature tensile failure, while cumulative dissipated energy correlated strongly with liquefaction resistance across both methods. These findings suggest that strain-controlled cyclic triaxial testing is a reliable alternative for evaluating liquefaction resistance in chemically treated soils and support its integration into performance-based geotechnical design frameworks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd80c1985fda45109ed537ef630558ee |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd80c1985fda45109ed537ef630558ee2025-08-25T04:14:44ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710687510.1016/j.rineng.2025.106875Evaluation of liquefaction resistance in chemically grouted sand using cyclic triaxial testsKhin Nyein Chan Kyaw0Toshiyuki Motohashi1Shigeo Sasahara2Shinya Inazumi3PhD. Student, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, JapanPhD., Osaka Bousui Construction Co. Ltd., Osaka 543-0016, JapanPhD., Fuji Chemical Co. Ltd., Osaka 534-0024, JapanPhD., Professor, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo 135-8548, Japan; Corresponding author.Liquefaction induced by earthquakes poses a significant threat to infrastructure, particularly in loose sandy soils. Chemical grouting is a widely used countermeasure to enhance soil stability; however, its effectiveness under dynamic loading lacks standardized quantitative evaluation methods. This study evaluates the liquefaction resistance of chemically grouted sand using stress-controlled and strain-controlled cyclic triaxial tests. Specimens treated with colloidal silica at concentrations of 6 %, 8 %, and 10 % were tested under undrained conditions with an effective confining pressure of 100 kPa and a loading frequency of 0.1 Hz. The strain-controlled method, applying a constant double-amplitude axial strain, was introduced as an alternative to mitigate tensile failure (necking) observed in stress-controlled tests. Liquefaction resistance was assessed using excess pore water pressure, axial strain criteria, and cumulative dissipated energy as a unified evaluation index. Results showed that higher silica concentrations significantly improved liquefaction resistance, with the 10 % concentration providing the greatest cyclic strength. Strain-controlled tests demonstrated greater consistency and avoided premature tensile failure, while cumulative dissipated energy correlated strongly with liquefaction resistance across both methods. These findings suggest that strain-controlled cyclic triaxial testing is a reliable alternative for evaluating liquefaction resistance in chemically treated soils and support its integration into performance-based geotechnical design frameworks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502938XChemical groutingCyclic triaxial testLiquefaction resistanceStrain-controlled testStress-controlled testDissipated energy |
| spellingShingle | Khin Nyein Chan Kyaw Toshiyuki Motohashi Shigeo Sasahara Shinya Inazumi Evaluation of liquefaction resistance in chemically grouted sand using cyclic triaxial tests Results in Engineering Chemical grouting Cyclic triaxial test Liquefaction resistance Strain-controlled test Stress-controlled test Dissipated energy |
| title | Evaluation of liquefaction resistance in chemically grouted sand using cyclic triaxial tests |
| title_full | Evaluation of liquefaction resistance in chemically grouted sand using cyclic triaxial tests |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of liquefaction resistance in chemically grouted sand using cyclic triaxial tests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of liquefaction resistance in chemically grouted sand using cyclic triaxial tests |
| title_short | Evaluation of liquefaction resistance in chemically grouted sand using cyclic triaxial tests |
| title_sort | evaluation of liquefaction resistance in chemically grouted sand using cyclic triaxial tests |
| topic | Chemical grouting Cyclic triaxial test Liquefaction resistance Strain-controlled test Stress-controlled test Dissipated energy |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302502938X |
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