Comprehensive Environmental Impact Analysis of Dry Processing Methods for Specialty Coffee Beans in Bondowoso, Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment

Smallholders play a key role in specialty coffee production. Implementing industrial ecology coffee (IEC) practices is crucial for sustainable coffee production (SCP), aiming to add value, achieve zero waste, and respect the environment. For that purpose, this study used life cycle assessment (LCA)...

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Main Authors: Andik Irawan, Harifara Rabemanolontsoa, Benjamin C. McLellan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-08-01
Series:Biomass
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/4/3/47
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author Andik Irawan
Harifara Rabemanolontsoa
Benjamin C. McLellan
author_facet Andik Irawan
Harifara Rabemanolontsoa
Benjamin C. McLellan
author_sort Andik Irawan
collection DOAJ
description Smallholders play a key role in specialty coffee production. Implementing industrial ecology coffee (IEC) practices is crucial for sustainable coffee production (SCP), aiming to add value, achieve zero waste, and respect the environment. For that purpose, this study used life cycle assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental impact of coffee production, specifically focusing on the global warming potential (GWP) of dry methods (DMs). Data were collected from pilot plant operations in Bondowoso, Indonesia, covering the process from cherry beans (CBs) to coffee powder (CP). A unique aspect of this study is assessing the impact of the DMs: Natural, Anaerobic, Hydro honey, Lactic, and Carbonic Maceration, which were often overlooked in previous research. Observations and experimental results served as primary data for input calculations in LCA. As a result, it was found that for the studied DMs, inputting 150 kg per batch of CBs produced approximately 22.4–22.8 kg of CP. The LCA revealed that for one kg of CP produced by the DMs, GWP ranged from 0.676 kg to 1.168 kg of CO<sub>2-eq</sub>, with Natural being the least polluting and Lactic having the highest environmental impact. This study also suggests potential improvements in by-products for novel food and fuel applications.
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spelling doaj-art-fd677eddad3e4c72aaab941a320228642025-08-20T01:56:10ZengMDPI AGBiomass2673-87832024-08-014384386410.3390/biomass4030047Comprehensive Environmental Impact Analysis of Dry Processing Methods for Specialty Coffee Beans in Bondowoso, Indonesia Using Life Cycle AssessmentAndik Irawan0Harifara Rabemanolontsoa1Benjamin C. McLellan2Department of Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, JapanInternational Advanced Energy Science Research and Education Center, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, JapanDepartment of Socio-Environmental Energy Science, Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, JapanSmallholders play a key role in specialty coffee production. Implementing industrial ecology coffee (IEC) practices is crucial for sustainable coffee production (SCP), aiming to add value, achieve zero waste, and respect the environment. For that purpose, this study used life cycle assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental impact of coffee production, specifically focusing on the global warming potential (GWP) of dry methods (DMs). Data were collected from pilot plant operations in Bondowoso, Indonesia, covering the process from cherry beans (CBs) to coffee powder (CP). A unique aspect of this study is assessing the impact of the DMs: Natural, Anaerobic, Hydro honey, Lactic, and Carbonic Maceration, which were often overlooked in previous research. Observations and experimental results served as primary data for input calculations in LCA. As a result, it was found that for the studied DMs, inputting 150 kg per batch of CBs produced approximately 22.4–22.8 kg of CP. The LCA revealed that for one kg of CP produced by the DMs, GWP ranged from 0.676 kg to 1.168 kg of CO<sub>2-eq</sub>, with Natural being the least polluting and Lactic having the highest environmental impact. This study also suggests potential improvements in by-products for novel food and fuel applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/4/3/47industrial ecology coffee (IEC)sustainable coffee production (SCP)dry method (DM)life cycle assessment (LCA)global warming potential (GWP)
spellingShingle Andik Irawan
Harifara Rabemanolontsoa
Benjamin C. McLellan
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Analysis of Dry Processing Methods for Specialty Coffee Beans in Bondowoso, Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment
Biomass
industrial ecology coffee (IEC)
sustainable coffee production (SCP)
dry method (DM)
life cycle assessment (LCA)
global warming potential (GWP)
title Comprehensive Environmental Impact Analysis of Dry Processing Methods for Specialty Coffee Beans in Bondowoso, Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment
title_full Comprehensive Environmental Impact Analysis of Dry Processing Methods for Specialty Coffee Beans in Bondowoso, Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment
title_fullStr Comprehensive Environmental Impact Analysis of Dry Processing Methods for Specialty Coffee Beans in Bondowoso, Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment
title_full_unstemmed Comprehensive Environmental Impact Analysis of Dry Processing Methods for Specialty Coffee Beans in Bondowoso, Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment
title_short Comprehensive Environmental Impact Analysis of Dry Processing Methods for Specialty Coffee Beans in Bondowoso, Indonesia Using Life Cycle Assessment
title_sort comprehensive environmental impact analysis of dry processing methods for specialty coffee beans in bondowoso indonesia using life cycle assessment
topic industrial ecology coffee (IEC)
sustainable coffee production (SCP)
dry method (DM)
life cycle assessment (LCA)
global warming potential (GWP)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8783/4/3/47
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AT harifararabemanolontsoa comprehensiveenvironmentalimpactanalysisofdryprocessingmethodsforspecialtycoffeebeansinbondowosoindonesiausinglifecycleassessment
AT benjamincmclellan comprehensiveenvironmentalimpactanalysisofdryprocessingmethodsforspecialtycoffeebeansinbondowosoindonesiausinglifecycleassessment