Unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of Cu-Mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic application
This research presents an explicit analysis of the effects of sintering temperature (Ts) on the structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of Cu0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 nanoferrites synthesized via the sol-gel method. To accomplish it, Cu-Mg ferrite NPs were sintered at temperatures ranging fr...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024168028 |
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| author | Sumi Akter M.N.I. Khan Faria Ferdous H.N. Das M.K. Alam Md Abdur Rahman Tarique Hasan Ishtiaque M. Syed |
| author_facet | Sumi Akter M.N.I. Khan Faria Ferdous H.N. Das M.K. Alam Md Abdur Rahman Tarique Hasan Ishtiaque M. Syed |
| author_sort | Sumi Akter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research presents an explicit analysis of the effects of sintering temperature (Ts) on the structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of Cu0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 nanoferrites synthesized via the sol-gel method. To accomplish it, Cu-Mg ferrite NPs were sintered at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C in increments of 100 with a constant holding duration of 5 h. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to observe the degradation of organic components and the thermally stable zone of the material. XRD analysis and SAED patterns revealed the formation of a single face-centred cubic (fcc) spinel structure with an Fd–3m space group. The particle's crystallite sizes have grown from 4.54 to 102.54 nm as Ts have increased, consistent with TEM results. Further evidence for the creation of spinel structure was provided by two prominent absorption bands in FTIR spectroscopy below 1000 cm−1. The particles were found to have a densely packed, nearly spherical morphology, as confirmed by TEM images. The EDS was utilized to identify the chemical species that were present in the sample. A significant correlation was observed between particle size and magnetic properties. The field-dependent magnetization investigations revealed that particles with crystallite sizes of 4.54 and 5.10 nm were superparamagnetic, while those measuring 11.68, 23.81, 42.95, and 102.54 nm exhibited ferrimagnetic characteristics. Furthermore, it was revealed that an increase in sintering temperature results in a concurrent amplification of crystallites, which subsequently heightens the saturation magnetization of the prepared NPs from 9.49 to 33.04 emu/g. The coercivity value clarifies the sintering effect of transforming the particle from a single-domain to a multi-domain magnetic state. The finite-size scaling formula precisely characterizes the changes in Curie temperature. In addition, the semiconducting characteristics of Cu-Mg ferrite NPs were confirmed through DRS, which unfolded an optical band gap within the range of 1.84–2.26 eV. The Mulliken electronegativity approach unveiled the prospective efficacy of these NPs in photocatalytically generating O2 from water. Cu-Mg nanoferrites exhibit a favourable bandgap and potential as a photocatalyst, rendering them a potentially fruitful addition to the family of ferrite materials utilized in photocatalytic and associated solar energy applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd657a27e02f4e1cb947c47f0780f667 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fd657a27e02f4e1cb947c47f0780f6672025-08-20T01:59:38ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402024-12-011023e4077110.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40771Unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of Cu-Mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic applicationSumi Akter0M.N.I. Khan1Faria Ferdous2H.N. Das3M.K. Alam4Md Abdur Rahman5Tarique Hasan6Ishtiaque M. Syed7Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Corresponding author.Materials Science Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, BangladeshDepartment of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, BangladeshMaterials Science Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, 1000, BangladeshBangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, BangladeshChittagong University of Engineering & Technology, Chittagong, BangladeshRADMEP (Radiation Effects on Microelectronics and Photonics Technologies), KU Leuven, BelgiumDepartment of Physics, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, BangladeshThis research presents an explicit analysis of the effects of sintering temperature (Ts) on the structural, morphological, magnetic, and optical properties of Cu0.5Mg0.5Fe2O4 nanoferrites synthesized via the sol-gel method. To accomplish it, Cu-Mg ferrite NPs were sintered at temperatures ranging from 300 to 800 °C in increments of 100 with a constant holding duration of 5 h. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to observe the degradation of organic components and the thermally stable zone of the material. XRD analysis and SAED patterns revealed the formation of a single face-centred cubic (fcc) spinel structure with an Fd–3m space group. The particle's crystallite sizes have grown from 4.54 to 102.54 nm as Ts have increased, consistent with TEM results. Further evidence for the creation of spinel structure was provided by two prominent absorption bands in FTIR spectroscopy below 1000 cm−1. The particles were found to have a densely packed, nearly spherical morphology, as confirmed by TEM images. The EDS was utilized to identify the chemical species that were present in the sample. A significant correlation was observed between particle size and magnetic properties. The field-dependent magnetization investigations revealed that particles with crystallite sizes of 4.54 and 5.10 nm were superparamagnetic, while those measuring 11.68, 23.81, 42.95, and 102.54 nm exhibited ferrimagnetic characteristics. Furthermore, it was revealed that an increase in sintering temperature results in a concurrent amplification of crystallites, which subsequently heightens the saturation magnetization of the prepared NPs from 9.49 to 33.04 emu/g. The coercivity value clarifies the sintering effect of transforming the particle from a single-domain to a multi-domain magnetic state. The finite-size scaling formula precisely characterizes the changes in Curie temperature. In addition, the semiconducting characteristics of Cu-Mg ferrite NPs were confirmed through DRS, which unfolded an optical band gap within the range of 1.84–2.26 eV. The Mulliken electronegativity approach unveiled the prospective efficacy of these NPs in photocatalytically generating O2 from water. Cu-Mg nanoferrites exhibit a favourable bandgap and potential as a photocatalyst, rendering them a potentially fruitful addition to the family of ferrite materials utilized in photocatalytic and associated solar energy applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024168028Spinel Cu-Mg nanoferritesSintering temperatureStructuralMagnetic and optical propertiesPhotocatalyst |
| spellingShingle | Sumi Akter M.N.I. Khan Faria Ferdous H.N. Das M.K. Alam Md Abdur Rahman Tarique Hasan Ishtiaque M. Syed Unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of Cu-Mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic application Heliyon Spinel Cu-Mg nanoferrites Sintering temperature Structural Magnetic and optical properties Photocatalyst |
| title | Unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of Cu-Mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic application |
| title_full | Unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of Cu-Mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic application |
| title_fullStr | Unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of Cu-Mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of Cu-Mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic application |
| title_short | Unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of Cu-Mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic application |
| title_sort | unveiling the role of sintering temperatures in the physical properties of cu mg ferrite nanoparticles for photocatalytic application |
| topic | Spinel Cu-Mg nanoferrites Sintering temperature Structural Magnetic and optical properties Photocatalyst |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024168028 |
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