Co-drivers of air pollutant and CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2020

Abstract Revealing how historical energy and environmental policies interacted with socioeconomic factors to shape the trends in air pollutant and CO2 emissions is crucial for developing effective future pollution-carbon co-control strategies. Here, we develop an integrated analytical framework comb...

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Main Authors: Wenxin Cao, Yixuan Zheng, Shaohui Zhang, Zbigniew Klimont, Xian’en Wang, Fangming Jiang, Zhulin Qi, Chuchu Chen, Yueyi Feng, Zechen Zhang, Hongkuan Zang, Yu Lei, Gang Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01124-7
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author Wenxin Cao
Yixuan Zheng
Shaohui Zhang
Zbigniew Klimont
Xian’en Wang
Fangming Jiang
Zhulin Qi
Chuchu Chen
Yueyi Feng
Zechen Zhang
Hongkuan Zang
Yu Lei
Gang Yan
author_facet Wenxin Cao
Yixuan Zheng
Shaohui Zhang
Zbigniew Klimont
Xian’en Wang
Fangming Jiang
Zhulin Qi
Chuchu Chen
Yueyi Feng
Zechen Zhang
Hongkuan Zang
Yu Lei
Gang Yan
author_sort Wenxin Cao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Revealing how historical energy and environmental policies interacted with socioeconomic factors to shape the trends in air pollutant and CO2 emissions is crucial for developing effective future pollution-carbon co-control strategies. Here, we develop an integrated analytical framework combining a detailed sectoral emission inventory, index decomposition analysis, and a clustering algorithm to investigate China’s synergetic patterns of air pollutant and CO2 emissions across 15 socioeconomic sectors from 2000 to 2020 and uncover the co-drivers behind these trends, with detailed temporal, sectoral, and spatial dynamics revealed. Our analysis suggests that historical policies have effectively curbed air pollutant emissions, while abating CO2 emissions remains a challenge. Energy and climate policies, particularly those focused on structural adjustments, are increasingly instrumental in driving pollution-carbon co-reduction. Compared to the earlier period, the fractional contribution of energy and climate policies to emission reductions of SO2, NO x , PM2.5, and CO2 increased by 1.3-8.6 times during 2010-2020, respectively. Substantial regional heterogeneity in emission co-drivers underscores the need for tailored strategies, such as adopting advanced energy-saving technologies in areas dominated by energy-intensive industries and accelerating the clean energy transition in regions endowed with renewable resources. Our study would provide actionable insights for formulating effective pollution-carbon co-control strategies in China and beyond.
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spelling doaj-art-fd560a2acee04964ade9e8d4bde4639f2025-08-20T03:03:27ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-07-018111310.1038/s41612-025-01124-7Co-drivers of air pollutant and CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2020Wenxin Cao0Yixuan Zheng1Shaohui Zhang2Zbigniew Klimont3Xian’en Wang4Fangming Jiang5Zhulin Qi6Chuchu Chen7Yueyi Feng8Zechen Zhang9Hongkuan Zang10Yu Lei11Gang Yan12College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin UniversityKey Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Greenhouse Gases Co-control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisInternational Institute for Applied Systems AnalysisCollege of New Energy and Environment, Jilin UniversityCollege of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua UniversityKey Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Greenhouse Gases Co-control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningKey Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Greenhouse Gases Co-control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningState Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua UniversityKey Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Greenhouse Gases Co-control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningKey Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Greenhouse Gases Co-control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningAbstract Revealing how historical energy and environmental policies interacted with socioeconomic factors to shape the trends in air pollutant and CO2 emissions is crucial for developing effective future pollution-carbon co-control strategies. Here, we develop an integrated analytical framework combining a detailed sectoral emission inventory, index decomposition analysis, and a clustering algorithm to investigate China’s synergetic patterns of air pollutant and CO2 emissions across 15 socioeconomic sectors from 2000 to 2020 and uncover the co-drivers behind these trends, with detailed temporal, sectoral, and spatial dynamics revealed. Our analysis suggests that historical policies have effectively curbed air pollutant emissions, while abating CO2 emissions remains a challenge. Energy and climate policies, particularly those focused on structural adjustments, are increasingly instrumental in driving pollution-carbon co-reduction. Compared to the earlier period, the fractional contribution of energy and climate policies to emission reductions of SO2, NO x , PM2.5, and CO2 increased by 1.3-8.6 times during 2010-2020, respectively. Substantial regional heterogeneity in emission co-drivers underscores the need for tailored strategies, such as adopting advanced energy-saving technologies in areas dominated by energy-intensive industries and accelerating the clean energy transition in regions endowed with renewable resources. Our study would provide actionable insights for formulating effective pollution-carbon co-control strategies in China and beyond.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01124-7
spellingShingle Wenxin Cao
Yixuan Zheng
Shaohui Zhang
Zbigniew Klimont
Xian’en Wang
Fangming Jiang
Zhulin Qi
Chuchu Chen
Yueyi Feng
Zechen Zhang
Hongkuan Zang
Yu Lei
Gang Yan
Co-drivers of air pollutant and CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2020
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title Co-drivers of air pollutant and CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2020
title_full Co-drivers of air pollutant and CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2020
title_fullStr Co-drivers of air pollutant and CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2020
title_full_unstemmed Co-drivers of air pollutant and CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2020
title_short Co-drivers of air pollutant and CO2 emissions in China from 2000 to 2020
title_sort co drivers of air pollutant and co2 emissions in china from 2000 to 2020
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01124-7
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