The Effects of the Complexity of 3D Virtual Objects on Visual Working Memory Capacity in AR Interface for Mobile Phones
The current study aims to investigate the effects of 3D virtual object complexity on visual working memory capacity in mobile augmented reality (MAR) interfaces. With the popularity of augmented reality technology in mobile applications, 3D virtual elements play a key role in interaction. However, p...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/21/9776 |
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| author | Xingcheng Di Jing Zhang Shangsong Jiang Wei Xu Nuowen Zhang |
| author_facet | Xingcheng Di Jing Zhang Shangsong Jiang Wei Xu Nuowen Zhang |
| author_sort | Xingcheng Di |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current study aims to investigate the effects of 3D virtual object complexity on visual working memory capacity in mobile augmented reality (MAR) interfaces. With the popularity of augmented reality technology in mobile applications, 3D virtual elements play a key role in interaction. However, prior studies ignored the correlation between virtual object presentation and visual working memory (VWM). Given that visual working memory capacity is closely related to overall cognitive ability, the current study explored the relationship between the complexity of 3D virtual objects and VWM capacity in AR interfaces. Sixty volunteers participated in a 5-point Likert scale rating to eliminate the interference factors of familiarity, concreteness and similarity in 3D virtual material objects. Then, we further conducted an MAR change detection paradigm experiment and successfully manipulated the complexity of 3D virtual objects and the set size. Thirty-one subjects completed the formal experiment. Three measurements (reaction time, proportion correct, and Cowan’s K) were analyzed for nine experimental conditions (three object complexity levels and three object set sizes). The results confirmed that the visual working memory capacity in mobile AR interfaces is modulated by the complexity of the 3D virtual objects and set size, which decreases with the increase in complexity and set size of the displayed 3D virtual objects. As the complexity of the 3D virtual objects increases, the amount of resources allocated to each item decreases, resulting in a decrease in memory capacity and memory accuracy. This study highlights the effectiveness of VWM capacity in MAR interface design research and provides valuable insights into determining the best way to present 3D virtual objects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd55d179284647c997b992cb859a16ae |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd55d179284647c997b992cb859a16ae2025-08-20T02:49:49ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-10-011421977610.3390/app14219776The Effects of the Complexity of 3D Virtual Objects on Visual Working Memory Capacity in AR Interface for Mobile PhonesXingcheng Di0Jing Zhang1Shangsong Jiang2Wei Xu3Nuowen Zhang4College of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaCollege of Furnishings and Industrial Design, Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaThe current study aims to investigate the effects of 3D virtual object complexity on visual working memory capacity in mobile augmented reality (MAR) interfaces. With the popularity of augmented reality technology in mobile applications, 3D virtual elements play a key role in interaction. However, prior studies ignored the correlation between virtual object presentation and visual working memory (VWM). Given that visual working memory capacity is closely related to overall cognitive ability, the current study explored the relationship between the complexity of 3D virtual objects and VWM capacity in AR interfaces. Sixty volunteers participated in a 5-point Likert scale rating to eliminate the interference factors of familiarity, concreteness and similarity in 3D virtual material objects. Then, we further conducted an MAR change detection paradigm experiment and successfully manipulated the complexity of 3D virtual objects and the set size. Thirty-one subjects completed the formal experiment. Three measurements (reaction time, proportion correct, and Cowan’s K) were analyzed for nine experimental conditions (three object complexity levels and three object set sizes). The results confirmed that the visual working memory capacity in mobile AR interfaces is modulated by the complexity of the 3D virtual objects and set size, which decreases with the increase in complexity and set size of the displayed 3D virtual objects. As the complexity of the 3D virtual objects increases, the amount of resources allocated to each item decreases, resulting in a decrease in memory capacity and memory accuracy. This study highlights the effectiveness of VWM capacity in MAR interface design research and provides valuable insights into determining the best way to present 3D virtual objects.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/21/9776mobile augmented reality (MAR)visual working memory capacityobject complexity3D virtual elements |
| spellingShingle | Xingcheng Di Jing Zhang Shangsong Jiang Wei Xu Nuowen Zhang The Effects of the Complexity of 3D Virtual Objects on Visual Working Memory Capacity in AR Interface for Mobile Phones Applied Sciences mobile augmented reality (MAR) visual working memory capacity object complexity 3D virtual elements |
| title | The Effects of the Complexity of 3D Virtual Objects on Visual Working Memory Capacity in AR Interface for Mobile Phones |
| title_full | The Effects of the Complexity of 3D Virtual Objects on Visual Working Memory Capacity in AR Interface for Mobile Phones |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of the Complexity of 3D Virtual Objects on Visual Working Memory Capacity in AR Interface for Mobile Phones |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of the Complexity of 3D Virtual Objects on Visual Working Memory Capacity in AR Interface for Mobile Phones |
| title_short | The Effects of the Complexity of 3D Virtual Objects on Visual Working Memory Capacity in AR Interface for Mobile Phones |
| title_sort | effects of the complexity of 3d virtual objects on visual working memory capacity in ar interface for mobile phones |
| topic | mobile augmented reality (MAR) visual working memory capacity object complexity 3D virtual elements |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/21/9776 |
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