Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm
Azoospermia is characterized by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate and is categorized into obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). For men with NOA, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is the only method to obtain sperm for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Given t...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Asian Journal of Andrology |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja202466 |
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| author | Vijay Mangoli Evangelini Evgeni Christine Wyns |
| author_facet | Vijay Mangoli Evangelini Evgeni Christine Wyns |
| author_sort | Vijay Mangoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Azoospermia is characterized by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate and is categorized into obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). For men with NOA, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is the only method to obtain sperm for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Given the rarity of these sperm and the unpredictable success of subsequent retrieval attempts, cryopreservation of microdissection-TESE-obtained sperm is essential. Effective cryopreservation prevents the need for repeated surgical procedures and supports future ART attempts. After first delving into the physiological and molecular aspects of sperm cryopreservation, this review aims to examine the current methods and devices for preserving small numbers of sperm. It presents conventional freezing and vitrification techniques, evaluating their respective strengths and limitations in effectively preserving rare sperm, and compares the efficacy of using fresh versus cryopreserved testicular sperm. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd55a439c7bb4b0fbd54c0f527baf9ff |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1008-682X 1745-7262 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian Journal of Andrology |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd55a439c7bb4b0fbd54c0f527baf9ff2025-08-20T02:01:58ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAsian Journal of Andrology1008-682X1745-72622025-05-0127339239810.4103/aja202466Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved spermVijay MangoliEvangelini EvgeniChristine WynsAzoospermia is characterized by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate and is categorized into obstructive azoospermia (OA) and nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). For men with NOA, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is the only method to obtain sperm for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Given the rarity of these sperm and the unpredictable success of subsequent retrieval attempts, cryopreservation of microdissection-TESE-obtained sperm is essential. Effective cryopreservation prevents the need for repeated surgical procedures and supports future ART attempts. After first delving into the physiological and molecular aspects of sperm cryopreservation, this review aims to examine the current methods and devices for preserving small numbers of sperm. It presents conventional freezing and vitrification techniques, evaluating their respective strengths and limitations in effectively preserving rare sperm, and compares the efficacy of using fresh versus cryopreserved testicular sperm.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja202466artcryopreservationmicro-tesenonobstructive azoospermiarare sperm |
| spellingShingle | Vijay Mangoli Evangelini Evgeni Christine Wyns Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm Asian Journal of Andrology art cryopreservation micro-tese nonobstructive azoospermia rare sperm |
| title | Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm |
| title_full | Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm |
| title_fullStr | Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm |
| title_short | Sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro-TESE-retrieved sperm |
| title_sort | sperm cryopreservation protocol for micro tese retrieved sperm |
| topic | art cryopreservation micro-tese nonobstructive azoospermia rare sperm |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja202466 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vijaymangoli spermcryopreservationprotocolformicroteseretrievedsperm AT evangelinievgeni spermcryopreservationprotocolformicroteseretrievedsperm AT christinewyns spermcryopreservationprotocolformicroteseretrievedsperm |