Validation of the American-Spanish Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Sp): Normative data and psychometric properties in acute stroke patients

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a typical sequel and a solid long-term disability predictor that can be screened at early stages post-stroke. However, most routinely used cognitive screening tools were designed to detect dementia, which differs significantly from post-stroke cognitive impairme...

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Main Authors: T. Julio-Ramos, C. Foncea-Gonzalez, C. Farias-Ulloa, S. Inostroza-Rojas, J. Conejeros-Pavez, D. Gutierrez-Vasquez, B. Soler-Leon, J. Saez-Martinez, P. Solinas-Ivys, N. Demeyere, S. Martinez-Ferreiro, C. Mendez-Orellana
Format: Article
Language:Spanish
Published: Elsevier España 2025-06-01
Series:Neurología
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213485324000951
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author T. Julio-Ramos
C. Foncea-Gonzalez
C. Farias-Ulloa
S. Inostroza-Rojas
J. Conejeros-Pavez
D. Gutierrez-Vasquez
B. Soler-Leon
J. Saez-Martinez
P. Solinas-Ivys
N. Demeyere
S. Martinez-Ferreiro
C. Mendez-Orellana
author_facet T. Julio-Ramos
C. Foncea-Gonzalez
C. Farias-Ulloa
S. Inostroza-Rojas
J. Conejeros-Pavez
D. Gutierrez-Vasquez
B. Soler-Leon
J. Saez-Martinez
P. Solinas-Ivys
N. Demeyere
S. Martinez-Ferreiro
C. Mendez-Orellana
author_sort T. Julio-Ramos
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a typical sequel and a solid long-term disability predictor that can be screened at early stages post-stroke. However, most routinely used cognitive screening tools were designed to detect dementia, which differs significantly from post-stroke cognitive impairment, including focal cognitive deficits. The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS), a cognitive bedside screening tool specifically designed for acute stroke, provides a good alternative for clinical practice. Aim: This study aims at validating an American-Spanish version of the OCS (OCS-Sp) in healthy participants and acute stroke patients. Methods: The original version of the OCS was linguistically and culturally adapted into American Spanish. A total of 152 volunteers were recruited, 87 healthy controls and 65 acute stroke patients. Normative data analysis for determining cut-off scores and psychometric validation and reliability analyses in the stroke cohort were completed. Results: Following a linear regression model demonstrating age, gender, and particularly years of education affecting the performance of the OCS-Sp, the cut-off scores obtained for all subtests were adjusted by these demographic variables. Logistic regression classification analyses revealed that all subtests could discriminate between patients and healthy volunteers. No differences in performance between versions A and B of the test (p > 0.05) were found. The test–retest reliability results in patients showed high agreement between the scores obtained at both time points. Conclusions: The OCS-Sp obtained similar psychometric scores to the original English version, demonstrating its validity and reliability as an instrument to assess cognitive impairments in American Spanish-speaking acute stroke patients. Resumen: Introducción: Las alteraciones cognitivas son una secuela común y un predictor de discapacidad a largo plazo en pacientes post accidente cerebrovascular (ACV). Sin embargo, las herramientas de screening cognitivo más utilizadas fueron inicialmente diseñadas para detectar demencia, lo cual difiere significativamente de las alteraciones cognitivas post-ACV. El Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS), una herramienta de screening cognitivo específicamente diseñada para la etapa aguda del ACV, representa una buena alternativa para la práctica clínica. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es validar la versión hispanoamericana del OCS (OCS-Sp) en voluntarios sanos y pacientes post-ACV en etapa aguda. Métodos: La versión original del OCS fue lingüística y culturalmente adaptada al español americano. Se reclutaron 152 voluntarios, incluyendo 87 controles y 65 pacientes post-ACV en etapa aguda. Resultados: El modelo de regresión lineal mostró que las variables edad, género y particularmente, años de educación afectan el rendimiento en OCS-Sp, los puntajes de corte obtenidos fueron ajustados según estas variables demográficas. El análisis de clasificación de regresión logística reveló que todos los subtest pueden distinguir entre pacientes y controles. No hubo diferencias entre las versiones A y B del test (p >0,05) lo que ayuda a evitar efectos de aprendizaje en sesiones de reevaluación. La fiabilidad test-retest demostró un alto acuerdo entre los puntajes obtenidos en ambos tiempos. Conclusiones: El OCS-Sp obtuvo puntajes psicométricos similares a la versión original, demostrando su validez y fiabilidad como un instrumento para evaluar las alteraciones cognitivas en pacientes post-ACV en etapa aguda, hablantes del español-americano.
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spelling doaj-art-fd53f6e4bc3f4d3ab4f8d0ba2f1491652025-08-20T03:10:51ZspaElsevier EspañaNeurología0213-48532025-06-0140542243210.1016/j.nrl.2023.04.005Validation of the American-Spanish Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Sp): Normative data and psychometric properties in acute stroke patientsT. Julio-Ramos0C. Foncea-Gonzalez1C. Farias-Ulloa2S. Inostroza-Rojas3J. Conejeros-Pavez4D. Gutierrez-Vasquez5B. Soler-Leon6J. Saez-Martinez7P. Solinas-Ivys8N. Demeyere9S. Martinez-Ferreiro10C. Mendez-Orellana11Laboratory of Language Rehabilitation and Stimulation (LARES), Speech and Language Therapy School, Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileLaboratory of Language Rehabilitation and Stimulation (LARES), Speech and Language Therapy School, Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileLaboratory of Language Rehabilitation and Stimulation (LARES), Speech and Language Therapy School, Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileLaboratory of Language Rehabilitation and Stimulation (LARES), Speech and Language Therapy School, Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileStatistics Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Government School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileNeurology Department, Red de Salud UC-Christus, Santiago, ChileNeurology Department, Red de Salud UC-Christus, Santiago, Chile; Neurology Service, Complejo Asistencial Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, ChileNeurology Service, Complejo Asistencial Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, ChileNeurology Service, Complejo Asistencial Hospital Sótero del Río, Santiago, ChileNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UKGerontology and Geriatrics Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of A Coruña, SpainSpeech and Language Therapy School, Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Corresponding author.Introduction: Cognitive impairment is a typical sequel and a solid long-term disability predictor that can be screened at early stages post-stroke. However, most routinely used cognitive screening tools were designed to detect dementia, which differs significantly from post-stroke cognitive impairment, including focal cognitive deficits. The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS), a cognitive bedside screening tool specifically designed for acute stroke, provides a good alternative for clinical practice. Aim: This study aims at validating an American-Spanish version of the OCS (OCS-Sp) in healthy participants and acute stroke patients. Methods: The original version of the OCS was linguistically and culturally adapted into American Spanish. A total of 152 volunteers were recruited, 87 healthy controls and 65 acute stroke patients. Normative data analysis for determining cut-off scores and psychometric validation and reliability analyses in the stroke cohort were completed. Results: Following a linear regression model demonstrating age, gender, and particularly years of education affecting the performance of the OCS-Sp, the cut-off scores obtained for all subtests were adjusted by these demographic variables. Logistic regression classification analyses revealed that all subtests could discriminate between patients and healthy volunteers. No differences in performance between versions A and B of the test (p > 0.05) were found. The test–retest reliability results in patients showed high agreement between the scores obtained at both time points. Conclusions: The OCS-Sp obtained similar psychometric scores to the original English version, demonstrating its validity and reliability as an instrument to assess cognitive impairments in American Spanish-speaking acute stroke patients. Resumen: Introducción: Las alteraciones cognitivas son una secuela común y un predictor de discapacidad a largo plazo en pacientes post accidente cerebrovascular (ACV). Sin embargo, las herramientas de screening cognitivo más utilizadas fueron inicialmente diseñadas para detectar demencia, lo cual difiere significativamente de las alteraciones cognitivas post-ACV. El Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS), una herramienta de screening cognitivo específicamente diseñada para la etapa aguda del ACV, representa una buena alternativa para la práctica clínica. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es validar la versión hispanoamericana del OCS (OCS-Sp) en voluntarios sanos y pacientes post-ACV en etapa aguda. Métodos: La versión original del OCS fue lingüística y culturalmente adaptada al español americano. Se reclutaron 152 voluntarios, incluyendo 87 controles y 65 pacientes post-ACV en etapa aguda. Resultados: El modelo de regresión lineal mostró que las variables edad, género y particularmente, años de educación afectan el rendimiento en OCS-Sp, los puntajes de corte obtenidos fueron ajustados según estas variables demográficas. El análisis de clasificación de regresión logística reveló que todos los subtest pueden distinguir entre pacientes y controles. No hubo diferencias entre las versiones A y B del test (p >0,05) lo que ayuda a evitar efectos de aprendizaje en sesiones de reevaluación. La fiabilidad test-retest demostró un alto acuerdo entre los puntajes obtenidos en ambos tiempos. Conclusiones: El OCS-Sp obtuvo puntajes psicométricos similares a la versión original, demostrando su validez y fiabilidad como un instrumento para evaluar las alteraciones cognitivas en pacientes post-ACV en etapa aguda, hablantes del español-americano.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213485324000951Evaluación cognitivaOCSHispanoamericanaIctus
spellingShingle T. Julio-Ramos
C. Foncea-Gonzalez
C. Farias-Ulloa
S. Inostroza-Rojas
J. Conejeros-Pavez
D. Gutierrez-Vasquez
B. Soler-Leon
J. Saez-Martinez
P. Solinas-Ivys
N. Demeyere
S. Martinez-Ferreiro
C. Mendez-Orellana
Validation of the American-Spanish Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Sp): Normative data and psychometric properties in acute stroke patients
Neurología
Evaluación cognitiva
OCS
Hispanoamericana
Ictus
title Validation of the American-Spanish Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Sp): Normative data and psychometric properties in acute stroke patients
title_full Validation of the American-Spanish Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Sp): Normative data and psychometric properties in acute stroke patients
title_fullStr Validation of the American-Spanish Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Sp): Normative data and psychometric properties in acute stroke patients
title_full_unstemmed Validation of the American-Spanish Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Sp): Normative data and psychometric properties in acute stroke patients
title_short Validation of the American-Spanish Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS-Sp): Normative data and psychometric properties in acute stroke patients
title_sort validation of the american spanish oxford cognitive screen ocs sp normative data and psychometric properties in acute stroke patients
topic Evaluación cognitiva
OCS
Hispanoamericana
Ictus
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0213485324000951
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