Preparation of Polylactide/Halloysite-Nanoclay/Polytetrafluoro-Ethylene Composite Foam and Study of Properties and Morphology

Halloysite nanoclay (HNC) and as-polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene powder (PTFE) were introduced into biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) via a melt mixing technique to enhance its mechanical, rheological properties and foaming ability. The synergetic effects of these fillers on the morphological,...

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Main Authors: Silla George Raju, Hanieh Kargarzadeh, Andrzej Galeski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Nanomaterials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/667
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author Silla George Raju
Hanieh Kargarzadeh
Andrzej Galeski
author_facet Silla George Raju
Hanieh Kargarzadeh
Andrzej Galeski
author_sort Silla George Raju
collection DOAJ
description Halloysite nanoclay (HNC) and as-polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene powder (PTFE) were introduced into biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) via a melt mixing technique to enhance its mechanical, rheological properties and foaming ability. The synergetic effects of these fillers on the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and foaming properties of PLA were investigated. Results indicated that the tensile properties were improved in comparison to neat PLA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed a decrease in PLA crystallization time with increasing filler concentration, indicating a strong nucleating effect on PLA crystallization. Extensional flow tests showed that strain hardening in PLA composites is influenced by fillers, with PTFE particularly exhibiting a more pronounced effect, attributed to nanofibrillation and entanglement during melt processing. The addition of a dual-filler system improved the melt strength and viscosity of PLA, resulting in foams with decreased cell size and increased cell density.
format Article
id doaj-art-fd49eadbd948438b82f01566211c8c28
institution Kabale University
issn 2079-4991
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Nanomaterials
spelling doaj-art-fd49eadbd948438b82f01566211c8c282025-08-20T03:49:22ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-04-0115966710.3390/nano15090667Preparation of Polylactide/Halloysite-Nanoclay/Polytetrafluoro-Ethylene Composite Foam and Study of Properties and MorphologySilla George Raju0Hanieh Kargarzadeh1Andrzej Galeski2BioMedChem Doctoral School, the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 21/23 Matejki Street, 90-237 Lodz, PolandCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, PolandCentre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, PolandHalloysite nanoclay (HNC) and as-polymerized polytetrafluoroethylene powder (PTFE) were introduced into biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) via a melt mixing technique to enhance its mechanical, rheological properties and foaming ability. The synergetic effects of these fillers on the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and foaming properties of PLA were investigated. Results indicated that the tensile properties were improved in comparison to neat PLA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) revealed a decrease in PLA crystallization time with increasing filler concentration, indicating a strong nucleating effect on PLA crystallization. Extensional flow tests showed that strain hardening in PLA composites is influenced by fillers, with PTFE particularly exhibiting a more pronounced effect, attributed to nanofibrillation and entanglement during melt processing. The addition of a dual-filler system improved the melt strength and viscosity of PLA, resulting in foams with decreased cell size and increased cell density.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/667polylactidenanocompositeextrusion foamingPTFEnanoclaystrain hardening
spellingShingle Silla George Raju
Hanieh Kargarzadeh
Andrzej Galeski
Preparation of Polylactide/Halloysite-Nanoclay/Polytetrafluoro-Ethylene Composite Foam and Study of Properties and Morphology
Nanomaterials
polylactide
nanocomposite
extrusion foaming
PTFE
nanoclay
strain hardening
title Preparation of Polylactide/Halloysite-Nanoclay/Polytetrafluoro-Ethylene Composite Foam and Study of Properties and Morphology
title_full Preparation of Polylactide/Halloysite-Nanoclay/Polytetrafluoro-Ethylene Composite Foam and Study of Properties and Morphology
title_fullStr Preparation of Polylactide/Halloysite-Nanoclay/Polytetrafluoro-Ethylene Composite Foam and Study of Properties and Morphology
title_full_unstemmed Preparation of Polylactide/Halloysite-Nanoclay/Polytetrafluoro-Ethylene Composite Foam and Study of Properties and Morphology
title_short Preparation of Polylactide/Halloysite-Nanoclay/Polytetrafluoro-Ethylene Composite Foam and Study of Properties and Morphology
title_sort preparation of polylactide halloysite nanoclay polytetrafluoro ethylene composite foam and study of properties and morphology
topic polylactide
nanocomposite
extrusion foaming
PTFE
nanoclay
strain hardening
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/667
work_keys_str_mv AT sillageorgeraju preparationofpolylactidehalloysitenanoclaypolytetrafluoroethylenecompositefoamandstudyofpropertiesandmorphology
AT haniehkargarzadeh preparationofpolylactidehalloysitenanoclaypolytetrafluoroethylenecompositefoamandstudyofpropertiesandmorphology
AT andrzejgaleski preparationofpolylactidehalloysitenanoclaypolytetrafluoroethylenecompositefoamandstudyofpropertiesandmorphology