Angle Expansion Estimation and Correction Based on the Lindeberg–Feller Central Limit Theorem Under Multi-Pulse Integration
The radar monopulse angle measurement can obtain a target’s angle information within a single pulse, meaning that factors such as target motion and amplitude fluctuations, which vary over time, do not affect the angle measurement accuracy. However, in practical applications, when a target’s signal-t...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4535 |
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| author | Jiong Cai Rui Wang Handong Yang |
| author_facet | Jiong Cai Rui Wang Handong Yang |
| author_sort | Jiong Cai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The radar monopulse angle measurement can obtain a target’s angle information within a single pulse, meaning that factors such as target motion and amplitude fluctuations, which vary over time, do not affect the angle measurement accuracy. However, in practical applications, when a target’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, the single pulse signal is severely affected by noise, leading to a significant deterioration in angle measurement accuracy. Therefore, it is usually necessary to coherently integrate multiple pulses before estimating the angle. This paper constructs an angle expansion model for a multi-pulse angle measurement under coherent integration. The analysis reveals that even under noise-free conditions, after coherently integrating multiple pulses, the coupling of target amplitude fluctuations and motion state can still cause significant errors in the angle measurement. Subsequently, this paper conducts a detailed analysis of the impact of the amplitude fluctuations and target maneuvers on the random angle measurement error. It also derives approximate probability density functions of angle measurement errors under various fluctuation and motion scenarios based on the Lindeberg–Feller central limit theorem. In addition, based on the angle expansion model and the random error distribution, this paper proposes an angle correction algorithm based on multi-pulse integration and long-term estimation. Numerical experiments and radar data in the field verify the impact of target characteristics on the angle measurement under multi-pulse integration and the effectiveness of the angle correction algorithm. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd43fbf0ba08474197e0cd7b009a73a2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-fd43fbf0ba08474197e0cd7b009a73a22025-08-20T01:55:31ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011623453510.3390/rs16234535Angle Expansion Estimation and Correction Based on the Lindeberg–Feller Central Limit Theorem Under Multi-Pulse IntegrationJiong Cai0Rui Wang1Handong Yang2Radar Research Lab, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaRadar Research Lab, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaRadar Research Lab, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaThe radar monopulse angle measurement can obtain a target’s angle information within a single pulse, meaning that factors such as target motion and amplitude fluctuations, which vary over time, do not affect the angle measurement accuracy. However, in practical applications, when a target’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is low, the single pulse signal is severely affected by noise, leading to a significant deterioration in angle measurement accuracy. Therefore, it is usually necessary to coherently integrate multiple pulses before estimating the angle. This paper constructs an angle expansion model for a multi-pulse angle measurement under coherent integration. The analysis reveals that even under noise-free conditions, after coherently integrating multiple pulses, the coupling of target amplitude fluctuations and motion state can still cause significant errors in the angle measurement. Subsequently, this paper conducts a detailed analysis of the impact of the amplitude fluctuations and target maneuvers on the random angle measurement error. It also derives approximate probability density functions of angle measurement errors under various fluctuation and motion scenarios based on the Lindeberg–Feller central limit theorem. In addition, based on the angle expansion model and the random error distribution, this paper proposes an angle correction algorithm based on multi-pulse integration and long-term estimation. Numerical experiments and radar data in the field verify the impact of target characteristics on the angle measurement under multi-pulse integration and the effectiveness of the angle correction algorithm.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4535radar angle measurementmulti-pulse integrationmaneuvering and fluctuating targetscentral limit theorem |
| spellingShingle | Jiong Cai Rui Wang Handong Yang Angle Expansion Estimation and Correction Based on the Lindeberg–Feller Central Limit Theorem Under Multi-Pulse Integration Remote Sensing radar angle measurement multi-pulse integration maneuvering and fluctuating targets central limit theorem |
| title | Angle Expansion Estimation and Correction Based on the Lindeberg–Feller Central Limit Theorem Under Multi-Pulse Integration |
| title_full | Angle Expansion Estimation and Correction Based on the Lindeberg–Feller Central Limit Theorem Under Multi-Pulse Integration |
| title_fullStr | Angle Expansion Estimation and Correction Based on the Lindeberg–Feller Central Limit Theorem Under Multi-Pulse Integration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Angle Expansion Estimation and Correction Based on the Lindeberg–Feller Central Limit Theorem Under Multi-Pulse Integration |
| title_short | Angle Expansion Estimation and Correction Based on the Lindeberg–Feller Central Limit Theorem Under Multi-Pulse Integration |
| title_sort | angle expansion estimation and correction based on the lindeberg feller central limit theorem under multi pulse integration |
| topic | radar angle measurement multi-pulse integration maneuvering and fluctuating targets central limit theorem |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/23/4535 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jiongcai angleexpansionestimationandcorrectionbasedonthelindebergfellercentrallimittheoremundermultipulseintegration AT ruiwang angleexpansionestimationandcorrectionbasedonthelindebergfellercentrallimittheoremundermultipulseintegration AT handongyang angleexpansionestimationandcorrectionbasedonthelindebergfellercentrallimittheoremundermultipulseintegration |