Pharyngocutaneous fistulas: Predictive factors for occurrence and therapeutic management

Abstract Introduction Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is the most common complication following total laryngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy. It significantly increases morbidity, healthcare costs, and hospitalization duration, delaying adjuvant treatments and worsening patient prognosis. Methods This...

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Main Authors: Jihene Houas, monia ghammam, Habiba Ben Sghaier, Jawaher Kechiche, Malika El Omri, Mouna Bellakhdher, Wassim Kermani, Mohamed Abdelkefi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-025-00859-7
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author Jihene Houas
monia ghammam
Habiba Ben Sghaier
Jawaher Kechiche
Malika El Omri
Mouna Bellakhdher
Wassim Kermani
Mohamed Abdelkefi
author_facet Jihene Houas
monia ghammam
Habiba Ben Sghaier
Jawaher Kechiche
Malika El Omri
Mouna Bellakhdher
Wassim Kermani
Mohamed Abdelkefi
author_sort Jihene Houas
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is the most common complication following total laryngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy. It significantly increases morbidity, healthcare costs, and hospitalization duration, delaying adjuvant treatments and worsening patient prognosis. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study with an analytical aim, including 123 patients who underwent total laryngectomy (TL) at the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department of Farhat Hached Hospital in Sousse/Tunisia between January 2012 and December 2022. Results The average patient age was 60 years, Among the 123 patients, there were 117 males and 6 females, resulting in a sex ratio (M/F) of 19.5. 95.1% were smokers, and 51.2% were alcohol consumers. Comorbidities included diabetes (7.3%), hypertension (8.9%), heart disease (0.8%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2.4%). A history of laryngeal cancer was noted in 8.1% of patients. Non-surgical treatment with radiotherapy was performed in 5.7% of cases. Total laryngectomy was performed in all patients, with 35.8% requiring extension to adjacent structures. Postoperative PCF occurred in 8.9% of patients. Univariate analysis identified significant associations between PCF occurrence and diabetes (p = 0.034), preoperative radiotherapy (p = 0.016), extended laryngectomy (p = 0.017), and postoperative wound infection (p = 0.001). Preoperative albumin and hemoglobin levels, initial tracheostomy, advanced tumor stage, and suture type were not associated with increased PCF risk. Conclusion PCF management involves both prevention, by addressing key risk factors, and curative strategies tailored to fistula size and progression. Identifying predictive factors allows for targeted interventions to reduce PCF occurrence and improve patient outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-fd3dab2a091e42a9bb18e7e11bb580b52025-08-20T03:03:20ZengSpringerOpenThe Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology2090-85392025-07-014111710.1186/s43163-025-00859-7Pharyngocutaneous fistulas: Predictive factors for occurrence and therapeutic managementJihene Houas0monia ghammam1Habiba Ben Sghaier2Jawaher Kechiche3Malika El Omri4Mouna Bellakhdher5Wassim Kermani6Mohamed Abdelkefi7University of SousseUniversity of SousseUniversity of SousseUniversity of SousseUniversity of SousseUniversity of SousseUniversity of SousseUniversity of SousseAbstract Introduction Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is the most common complication following total laryngectomy or pharyngolaryngectomy. It significantly increases morbidity, healthcare costs, and hospitalization duration, delaying adjuvant treatments and worsening patient prognosis. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study with an analytical aim, including 123 patients who underwent total laryngectomy (TL) at the ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department of Farhat Hached Hospital in Sousse/Tunisia between January 2012 and December 2022. Results The average patient age was 60 years, Among the 123 patients, there were 117 males and 6 females, resulting in a sex ratio (M/F) of 19.5. 95.1% were smokers, and 51.2% were alcohol consumers. Comorbidities included diabetes (7.3%), hypertension (8.9%), heart disease (0.8%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2.4%). A history of laryngeal cancer was noted in 8.1% of patients. Non-surgical treatment with radiotherapy was performed in 5.7% of cases. Total laryngectomy was performed in all patients, with 35.8% requiring extension to adjacent structures. Postoperative PCF occurred in 8.9% of patients. Univariate analysis identified significant associations between PCF occurrence and diabetes (p = 0.034), preoperative radiotherapy (p = 0.016), extended laryngectomy (p = 0.017), and postoperative wound infection (p = 0.001). Preoperative albumin and hemoglobin levels, initial tracheostomy, advanced tumor stage, and suture type were not associated with increased PCF risk. Conclusion PCF management involves both prevention, by addressing key risk factors, and curative strategies tailored to fistula size and progression. Identifying predictive factors allows for targeted interventions to reduce PCF occurrence and improve patient outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-025-00859-7Laryngeal cancerTotal laryngectomyPharyngocutaneous fistulaPredictive factors
spellingShingle Jihene Houas
monia ghammam
Habiba Ben Sghaier
Jawaher Kechiche
Malika El Omri
Mouna Bellakhdher
Wassim Kermani
Mohamed Abdelkefi
Pharyngocutaneous fistulas: Predictive factors for occurrence and therapeutic management
The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology
Laryngeal cancer
Total laryngectomy
Pharyngocutaneous fistula
Predictive factors
title Pharyngocutaneous fistulas: Predictive factors for occurrence and therapeutic management
title_full Pharyngocutaneous fistulas: Predictive factors for occurrence and therapeutic management
title_fullStr Pharyngocutaneous fistulas: Predictive factors for occurrence and therapeutic management
title_full_unstemmed Pharyngocutaneous fistulas: Predictive factors for occurrence and therapeutic management
title_short Pharyngocutaneous fistulas: Predictive factors for occurrence and therapeutic management
title_sort pharyngocutaneous fistulas predictive factors for occurrence and therapeutic management
topic Laryngeal cancer
Total laryngectomy
Pharyngocutaneous fistula
Predictive factors
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43163-025-00859-7
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