Sources and health risks of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines
Heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmlands around coal mining areas significantly threatens ecosystem stability and human health. In this study, the extent and sources of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines were assessed using the absolute principal component scores-...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Soil Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1630336/full |
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| author | Li Cao Li Cao Li Cao Li Cao Huirong Duan Huirong Duan Bijun Cheng Bijun Cheng Qianying Xiang Qianying Xiang Shuhan Wang Shuhan Wang Zixuan Fu Zixuan Fu Xiaofang Xu Xiaofang Xu Qianjun Ren Qianjun Ren Hanqi Yang Yufeng Yu Yufeng Yu Hongmei Zhang Hongmei Zhang Xiujuan Yang Xiujuan Yang Xiujuan Yang Xiujuan Yang |
| author_facet | Li Cao Li Cao Li Cao Li Cao Huirong Duan Huirong Duan Bijun Cheng Bijun Cheng Qianying Xiang Qianying Xiang Shuhan Wang Shuhan Wang Zixuan Fu Zixuan Fu Xiaofang Xu Xiaofang Xu Qianjun Ren Qianjun Ren Hanqi Yang Yufeng Yu Yufeng Yu Hongmei Zhang Hongmei Zhang Xiujuan Yang Xiujuan Yang Xiujuan Yang Xiujuan Yang |
| author_sort | Li Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmlands around coal mining areas significantly threatens ecosystem stability and human health. In this study, the extent and sources of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines were assessed using the absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model. Additionally, a probabilistic health risk assessment model was developed using Monte Carlo simulation to determine the health risks faced by local residents. The average concentrations of soil Pb, Hg, Mn, and Zn was 28.56mg/kg, 0.17mg/kg, 666.29mg/kg, and 83.49mg/kg, respectively. In maize, Pb, Zn, and Cr concentrations exceeded their respective safety thresholds, with exceedance occurrence rates of 16.67%, 95.83%, and 100%, respectively. Among them, Cr exhibited the highest bioaccumulation factor (BCF), reaching 0.55 in maize. Five main sources of soil heavy metal(loid) contamination were identified: coal mining activities, air pollution, agricultural practices, natural sources, and coal combustion. Probabilistic health risk assessment revealed that the average non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) values of soil-mediated heavy metal(loid) exposure remained below 1 for both children and adults, although the average HI for children was 2.96 times higher than adults. However, the average HI of maize-mediated heavy metal(loid) exposure exceeded the risk threshold, reaching 1.44 for children and 1.27 for adults. In contrast, the overall carcinogenic risk (CR) of maize-mediated heavy metal(loid) was 3.71 times higher in adults than in children. In conclusion, the farmland near Shanxi coal mines was severely contaminated with heavy metal(loid)s, with coal mining activities being the main pollution source. Local residents, particularly children, faced substantial health threats. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fd3adfa5610b4b1ea57959722c0bbdb2 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-8619 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| spelling | doaj-art-fd3adfa5610b4b1ea57959722c0bbdb22025-08-20T02:37:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Soil Science2673-86192025-07-01510.3389/fsoil.2025.16303361630336Sources and health risks of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal minesLi Cao0Li Cao1Li Cao2Li Cao3Huirong Duan4Huirong Duan5Bijun Cheng6Bijun Cheng7Qianying Xiang8Qianying Xiang9Shuhan Wang10Shuhan Wang11Zixuan Fu12Zixuan Fu13Xiaofang Xu14Xiaofang Xu15Qianjun Ren16Qianjun Ren17Hanqi Yang18Yufeng Yu19Yufeng Yu20Hongmei Zhang21Hongmei Zhang22Xiujuan Yang23Xiujuan Yang24Xiujuan Yang25Xiujuan Yang26Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaAcademy of Medical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaSchool of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaSchool of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaSchool of Management, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaShanxi Lipu Innovation Technology Co., Ltd., Taiyuan, ChinaShanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Proteins, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaSchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaShanxi Key Laboratory of Functional Proteins, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaAcademic Affairs Office, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaHeavy metal(loid) contamination in farmlands around coal mining areas significantly threatens ecosystem stability and human health. In this study, the extent and sources of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines were assessed using the absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model. Additionally, a probabilistic health risk assessment model was developed using Monte Carlo simulation to determine the health risks faced by local residents. The average concentrations of soil Pb, Hg, Mn, and Zn was 28.56mg/kg, 0.17mg/kg, 666.29mg/kg, and 83.49mg/kg, respectively. In maize, Pb, Zn, and Cr concentrations exceeded their respective safety thresholds, with exceedance occurrence rates of 16.67%, 95.83%, and 100%, respectively. Among them, Cr exhibited the highest bioaccumulation factor (BCF), reaching 0.55 in maize. Five main sources of soil heavy metal(loid) contamination were identified: coal mining activities, air pollution, agricultural practices, natural sources, and coal combustion. Probabilistic health risk assessment revealed that the average non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) values of soil-mediated heavy metal(loid) exposure remained below 1 for both children and adults, although the average HI for children was 2.96 times higher than adults. However, the average HI of maize-mediated heavy metal(loid) exposure exceeded the risk threshold, reaching 1.44 for children and 1.27 for adults. In contrast, the overall carcinogenic risk (CR) of maize-mediated heavy metal(loid) was 3.71 times higher in adults than in children. In conclusion, the farmland near Shanxi coal mines was severely contaminated with heavy metal(loid)s, with coal mining activities being the main pollution source. Local residents, particularly children, faced substantial health threats.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1630336/fullpotentially toxic elements (PTEs)probabilistic health risk assessmentpollution sourcesoilmaizemining areas |
| spellingShingle | Li Cao Li Cao Li Cao Li Cao Huirong Duan Huirong Duan Bijun Cheng Bijun Cheng Qianying Xiang Qianying Xiang Shuhan Wang Shuhan Wang Zixuan Fu Zixuan Fu Xiaofang Xu Xiaofang Xu Qianjun Ren Qianjun Ren Hanqi Yang Yufeng Yu Yufeng Yu Hongmei Zhang Hongmei Zhang Xiujuan Yang Xiujuan Yang Xiujuan Yang Xiujuan Yang Sources and health risks of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines Frontiers in Soil Science potentially toxic elements (PTEs) probabilistic health risk assessment pollution source soil maize mining areas |
| title | Sources and health risks of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines |
| title_full | Sources and health risks of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines |
| title_fullStr | Sources and health risks of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sources and health risks of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines |
| title_short | Sources and health risks of heavy metal(loid) contamination in farmland near Shanxi coal mines |
| title_sort | sources and health risks of heavy metal loid contamination in farmland near shanxi coal mines |
| topic | potentially toxic elements (PTEs) probabilistic health risk assessment pollution source soil maize mining areas |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoil.2025.1630336/full |
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