Stability improvement of microgrids under dynamic load conditions: A new adaptive virtual synchronous generator based virtual inertia control approach

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) exhibits prominent features such as communication-less control in microgrids due to its virtual inertia support. However, basic VSG control may lead to active power oscillations, causing improper transient power delivery and frequency instability. This paper p...

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Main Authors: Md Asaduzzaman Shobug, Fuwen Yang, Junwei Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025006346
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author Md Asaduzzaman Shobug
Fuwen Yang
Junwei Lu
author_facet Md Asaduzzaman Shobug
Fuwen Yang
Junwei Lu
author_sort Md Asaduzzaman Shobug
collection DOAJ
description The virtual synchronous generator (VSG) exhibits prominent features such as communication-less control in microgrids due to its virtual inertia support. However, basic VSG control may lead to active power oscillations, causing improper transient power delivery and frequency instability. This paper proposes disturbance-triggered VSG-based adaptive virtual inertia control techniques for battery energy storage systems (BESS) to enhance the frequency stability of microgrids. The proposed method uniquely supports operation with fixed, variable, and induction motor (IM) loads, a capability not achieved by other approaches. It delivers the best frequency nadir of 49.98 Hz, outperforming existing VSG strategies (49.91–49.93 Hz) and other technologies, and achieves the lowest maximum overshoot of 50.01 Hz, ensuring improved better transient performance. Additionally, the proposed control significantly enhances RoCoF performance by 46% compared to basic VSG topologies and incorporates adaptive inertia and damping, which are crucial for real-time grid stability. Simulations were conducted on modified IEEE 4- and 9-bus microgrid models in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation experiments revealed a settling time of 0.12 seconds, significantly shorter than other methods (0.2–0.3 seconds), demonstrating faster frequency stabilization. Various disturbance scenarios confirmed the effectiveness of the BESS control strategy in providing additional virtual inertia, ensuring robust frequency support and superior power microgrid stability compared to conventional strategies.
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issn 2590-1230
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spelling doaj-art-fd33090fd76f4f63a1feb840a175bf2b2025-08-20T02:47:33ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-03-012510455610.1016/j.rineng.2025.104556Stability improvement of microgrids under dynamic load conditions: A new adaptive virtual synchronous generator based virtual inertia control approachMd Asaduzzaman Shobug0Fuwen Yang1Junwei Lu2Corresponding author.; School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, AustraliaSchool of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4215, AustraliaThe virtual synchronous generator (VSG) exhibits prominent features such as communication-less control in microgrids due to its virtual inertia support. However, basic VSG control may lead to active power oscillations, causing improper transient power delivery and frequency instability. This paper proposes disturbance-triggered VSG-based adaptive virtual inertia control techniques for battery energy storage systems (BESS) to enhance the frequency stability of microgrids. The proposed method uniquely supports operation with fixed, variable, and induction motor (IM) loads, a capability not achieved by other approaches. It delivers the best frequency nadir of 49.98 Hz, outperforming existing VSG strategies (49.91–49.93 Hz) and other technologies, and achieves the lowest maximum overshoot of 50.01 Hz, ensuring improved better transient performance. Additionally, the proposed control significantly enhances RoCoF performance by 46% compared to basic VSG topologies and incorporates adaptive inertia and damping, which are crucial for real-time grid stability. Simulations were conducted on modified IEEE 4- and 9-bus microgrid models in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation experiments revealed a settling time of 0.12 seconds, significantly shorter than other methods (0.2–0.3 seconds), demonstrating faster frequency stabilization. Various disturbance scenarios confirmed the effectiveness of the BESS control strategy in providing additional virtual inertia, ensuring robust frequency support and superior power microgrid stability compared to conventional strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025006346Battery energy storage systemVirtual inertia controlMicrogridFrequency stabilityVirtual synchronous generatorRenewable energy
spellingShingle Md Asaduzzaman Shobug
Fuwen Yang
Junwei Lu
Stability improvement of microgrids under dynamic load conditions: A new adaptive virtual synchronous generator based virtual inertia control approach
Results in Engineering
Battery energy storage system
Virtual inertia control
Microgrid
Frequency stability
Virtual synchronous generator
Renewable energy
title Stability improvement of microgrids under dynamic load conditions: A new adaptive virtual synchronous generator based virtual inertia control approach
title_full Stability improvement of microgrids under dynamic load conditions: A new adaptive virtual synchronous generator based virtual inertia control approach
title_fullStr Stability improvement of microgrids under dynamic load conditions: A new adaptive virtual synchronous generator based virtual inertia control approach
title_full_unstemmed Stability improvement of microgrids under dynamic load conditions: A new adaptive virtual synchronous generator based virtual inertia control approach
title_short Stability improvement of microgrids under dynamic load conditions: A new adaptive virtual synchronous generator based virtual inertia control approach
title_sort stability improvement of microgrids under dynamic load conditions a new adaptive virtual synchronous generator based virtual inertia control approach
topic Battery energy storage system
Virtual inertia control
Microgrid
Frequency stability
Virtual synchronous generator
Renewable energy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025006346
work_keys_str_mv AT mdasaduzzamanshobug stabilityimprovementofmicrogridsunderdynamicloadconditionsanewadaptivevirtualsynchronousgeneratorbasedvirtualinertiacontrolapproach
AT fuwenyang stabilityimprovementofmicrogridsunderdynamicloadconditionsanewadaptivevirtualsynchronousgeneratorbasedvirtualinertiacontrolapproach
AT junweilu stabilityimprovementofmicrogridsunderdynamicloadconditionsanewadaptivevirtualsynchronousgeneratorbasedvirtualinertiacontrolapproach