Longitudinal study of temporal trends in urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their repeated cross-sectional association with oxidative stress

Continuous human biomonitoring of urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (OH-PAHs) enables the characterization of temporal trends and exposure patterns. In this study, we investigated the temporal trends in urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs among residents in Guangzhou from...

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Main Authors: Si Zhou, Qin Li, Xiangyu Jia, Jia He, Hua Bi, Rende Huang, Jun Yuan, Rongfei Peng, Lei Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Environment International
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025003496
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author Si Zhou
Qin Li
Xiangyu Jia
Jia He
Hua Bi
Rende Huang
Jun Yuan
Rongfei Peng
Lei Tan
author_facet Si Zhou
Qin Li
Xiangyu Jia
Jia He
Hua Bi
Rende Huang
Jun Yuan
Rongfei Peng
Lei Tan
author_sort Si Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Continuous human biomonitoring of urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (OH-PAHs) enables the characterization of temporal trends and exposure patterns. In this study, we investigated the temporal trends in urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs among residents in Guangzhou from 2018 to 2023 through serial cross-sectional human biomonitoring programs. We further assessed the annual associations between urinary OH-PAHs and oxidative stress biomarkers to examine the temporal stability of these relationships over the study period. We observed a significant decreasing trend in urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs from 2018 to 2020, a notable rebound in 2021 (P < 0.001), followed by a subsequent decrease during 2022–2023 (P < 0.001). Similar temporal patterns were also observed for individual metabolites. Males consistently showed significantly higher urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs compared to females, with concentrations showing an increasing trend with age in the population. Year-specific multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated different patterns across different metabolites. However, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene showed consistent positive associations with oxidative stress and could be used as a reliable biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, quantile g-computation analyses further demonstrated consistently joint effects of urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs on oxidative stress thought the study periods, demonstrating the cumulative contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on oxidative stress burden. The random forest analysis of OH-PAHs, demographics, and lifestyle factors, identified that phenanthrene metabolites were the most significant contributors to elevated oxidative stress levels. The results characterized temporal fluctuations in urinary OH-PAH concentrations. The study represents one of the longest assessments of year-to-year changes in urinary OH-PAH concentrations within a single major metropolitan population and allowed us to investigate whether the association between urinary OH-PAHs and oxidative stress persisted or varied year-by-year under real-world environmental conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-fd32af510feb46bc988b4b6b305a556a2025-08-20T02:37:06ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-07-0120110959810.1016/j.envint.2025.109598Longitudinal study of temporal trends in urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their repeated cross-sectional association with oxidative stressSi Zhou0Qin Li1Xiangyu Jia2Jia He3Hua Bi4Rende Huang5Jun Yuan6Rongfei Peng7Lei Tan8Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University &amp; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University &amp; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University &amp; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University &amp; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University &amp; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University &amp; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University &amp; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University &amp; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, ChinaInstitute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University &amp; Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Corresponding author.Continuous human biomonitoring of urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (OH-PAHs) enables the characterization of temporal trends and exposure patterns. In this study, we investigated the temporal trends in urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs among residents in Guangzhou from 2018 to 2023 through serial cross-sectional human biomonitoring programs. We further assessed the annual associations between urinary OH-PAHs and oxidative stress biomarkers to examine the temporal stability of these relationships over the study period. We observed a significant decreasing trend in urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs from 2018 to 2020, a notable rebound in 2021 (P < 0.001), followed by a subsequent decrease during 2022–2023 (P < 0.001). Similar temporal patterns were also observed for individual metabolites. Males consistently showed significantly higher urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs compared to females, with concentrations showing an increasing trend with age in the population. Year-specific multivariate linear regression analyses demonstrated different patterns across different metabolites. However, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene showed consistent positive associations with oxidative stress and could be used as a reliable biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, quantile g-computation analyses further demonstrated consistently joint effects of urinary concentrations of OH-PAHs on oxidative stress thought the study periods, demonstrating the cumulative contribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on oxidative stress burden. The random forest analysis of OH-PAHs, demographics, and lifestyle factors, identified that phenanthrene metabolites were the most significant contributors to elevated oxidative stress levels. The results characterized temporal fluctuations in urinary OH-PAH concentrations. The study represents one of the longest assessments of year-to-year changes in urinary OH-PAH concentrations within a single major metropolitan population and allowed us to investigate whether the association between urinary OH-PAHs and oxidative stress persisted or varied year-by-year under real-world environmental conditions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025003496Human biomonitoringOxidative stressPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsRepeated cross-sectional associationTemporal trends
spellingShingle Si Zhou
Qin Li
Xiangyu Jia
Jia He
Hua Bi
Rende Huang
Jun Yuan
Rongfei Peng
Lei Tan
Longitudinal study of temporal trends in urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their repeated cross-sectional association with oxidative stress
Environment International
Human biomonitoring
Oxidative stress
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Repeated cross-sectional association
Temporal trends
title Longitudinal study of temporal trends in urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their repeated cross-sectional association with oxidative stress
title_full Longitudinal study of temporal trends in urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their repeated cross-sectional association with oxidative stress
title_fullStr Longitudinal study of temporal trends in urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their repeated cross-sectional association with oxidative stress
title_full_unstemmed Longitudinal study of temporal trends in urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their repeated cross-sectional association with oxidative stress
title_short Longitudinal study of temporal trends in urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their repeated cross-sectional association with oxidative stress
title_sort longitudinal study of temporal trends in urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites and their repeated cross sectional association with oxidative stress
topic Human biomonitoring
Oxidative stress
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Repeated cross-sectional association
Temporal trends
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025003496
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