The impact of antimicrobial use regulations on antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from bovine samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Central New York

In recognition that antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens may stem from antimicrobial use in agricultural settings, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ordered restrictions on antimicrobial usage (AMU) in food-producing animals. In 2012 the FDA restricted the extra-label use o...

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Main Authors: Maya Craig, Kevin J. Cummings, Claudia Cobo-Angel, Casey L. Cazer, Melissa S. Aprea, Rebecca J. Franklin-Guild
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:One Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001235
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author Maya Craig
Kevin J. Cummings
Claudia Cobo-Angel
Casey L. Cazer
Melissa S. Aprea
Rebecca J. Franklin-Guild
author_facet Maya Craig
Kevin J. Cummings
Claudia Cobo-Angel
Casey L. Cazer
Melissa S. Aprea
Rebecca J. Franklin-Guild
author_sort Maya Craig
collection DOAJ
description In recognition that antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens may stem from antimicrobial use in agricultural settings, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ordered restrictions on antimicrobial usage (AMU) in food-producing animals. In 2012 the FDA restricted the extra-label use of third-generation cephalosporins, and in 2017 the FDA mandated veterinary oversight for the use of antimicrobials in the feed and water of food-producing animals and eliminated production-related uses. However, the impact of these restrictions on the antimicrobial resistance status of important pathogens, such as Salmonella, remains unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, we analyzed veterinary diagnostic laboratory data on 2413 Salmonella isolates from submitted bovine samples. We fitted logistic regression models to evaluate changes in proportions of antimicrobial-resistant isolates, and we used accelerated failure time (AFT) models to determine changes in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Our analysis revealed the 2012 AMU restriction to be associated with a decrease in the odds of resistance to chlortetracycline (OR = 0.49; 95 % CI = 0.28–0.86), oxytetracycline (OR = 0.47; 95 % CI = 0.27–0.82), and neomycin (OR = 0.45; 95 % CI = 0.25–0.80). Furthermore, we found significant decreases in MIC values for chlortetracycline (CR = 0.74; 95 % CI = 0.62–0.87) and oxytetracycline (CR = 0.64; 95 % CI = 0.56–0.73) for the same AMU restriction. We found a significant association between the 2017 AMU restriction and decreased odds of resistance to florfenicol (OR = 0.28; 95 % CI = 0.09–0.92). Salmonella serotype was an important predictor of resistance to all antimicrobials assessed via logistic regression or AFT models. Overall, our study suggests that in the region served by the laboratory, AMU restrictions have either had no detectable effect or are associated with decreasing AMR and MIC trends for Salmonella isolated from bovine samples, depending on the antimicrobial.
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spelling doaj-art-fd1db3a9e8be4eba98ac378964f968b42025-08-20T03:47:20ZengElsevierOne Health2352-77142025-06-012010108710.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101087The impact of antimicrobial use regulations on antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from bovine samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Central New YorkMaya Craig0Kevin J. Cummings1Claudia Cobo-Angel2Casey L. Cazer3Melissa S. Aprea4Rebecca J. Franklin-Guild5Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America; Corresponding author.Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of AmericaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America; International Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance Solutions (ICARS), Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of AmericaAnimal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of AmericaAnimal Health Diagnostic Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of AmericaIn recognition that antimicrobial resistance in human pathogens may stem from antimicrobial use in agricultural settings, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ordered restrictions on antimicrobial usage (AMU) in food-producing animals. In 2012 the FDA restricted the extra-label use of third-generation cephalosporins, and in 2017 the FDA mandated veterinary oversight for the use of antimicrobials in the feed and water of food-producing animals and eliminated production-related uses. However, the impact of these restrictions on the antimicrobial resistance status of important pathogens, such as Salmonella, remains unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, we analyzed veterinary diagnostic laboratory data on 2413 Salmonella isolates from submitted bovine samples. We fitted logistic regression models to evaluate changes in proportions of antimicrobial-resistant isolates, and we used accelerated failure time (AFT) models to determine changes in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Our analysis revealed the 2012 AMU restriction to be associated with a decrease in the odds of resistance to chlortetracycline (OR = 0.49; 95 % CI = 0.28–0.86), oxytetracycline (OR = 0.47; 95 % CI = 0.27–0.82), and neomycin (OR = 0.45; 95 % CI = 0.25–0.80). Furthermore, we found significant decreases in MIC values for chlortetracycline (CR = 0.74; 95 % CI = 0.62–0.87) and oxytetracycline (CR = 0.64; 95 % CI = 0.56–0.73) for the same AMU restriction. We found a significant association between the 2017 AMU restriction and decreased odds of resistance to florfenicol (OR = 0.28; 95 % CI = 0.09–0.92). Salmonella serotype was an important predictor of resistance to all antimicrobials assessed via logistic regression or AFT models. Overall, our study suggests that in the region served by the laboratory, AMU restrictions have either had no detectable effect or are associated with decreasing AMR and MIC trends for Salmonella isolated from bovine samples, depending on the antimicrobial.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001235Salmonella entericaAntimicrobial useAntimicrobial resistancePublic healthDairy cattle
spellingShingle Maya Craig
Kevin J. Cummings
Claudia Cobo-Angel
Casey L. Cazer
Melissa S. Aprea
Rebecca J. Franklin-Guild
The impact of antimicrobial use regulations on antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from bovine samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Central New York
One Health
Salmonella enterica
Antimicrobial use
Antimicrobial resistance
Public health
Dairy cattle
title The impact of antimicrobial use regulations on antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from bovine samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Central New York
title_full The impact of antimicrobial use regulations on antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from bovine samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Central New York
title_fullStr The impact of antimicrobial use regulations on antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from bovine samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Central New York
title_full_unstemmed The impact of antimicrobial use regulations on antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from bovine samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Central New York
title_short The impact of antimicrobial use regulations on antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from bovine samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Central New York
title_sort impact of antimicrobial use regulations on antimicrobial resistance among salmonella isolates from bovine samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in central new york
topic Salmonella enterica
Antimicrobial use
Antimicrobial resistance
Public health
Dairy cattle
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352771425001235
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