Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on preeclampsia

BackgroundIt remains unclear how pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) affects preeclampsia in the Chinese population, primarily due to insufficient large-scale research on this topic.ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and (severe) preeclampsia in the Chin...

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Main Authors: Jing Mao, Hanxiang Sun, Qinxin Shen, Chang Zou, Yuanyuan Yang, Qiaoling Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1529966/full
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author Jing Mao
Hanxiang Sun
Qinxin Shen
Chang Zou
Yuanyuan Yang
Qiaoling Du
author_facet Jing Mao
Hanxiang Sun
Qinxin Shen
Chang Zou
Yuanyuan Yang
Qiaoling Du
author_sort Jing Mao
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundIt remains unclear how pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) affects preeclampsia in the Chinese population, primarily due to insufficient large-scale research on this topic.ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and (severe) preeclampsia in the Chinese population, providing a detailed description of the findings.MethodsThe retrospective study included a total of 75,773 pregnant women registered between 2016 and 2020. These participants were categorized into four groups based on their pre-pregnancy BMI: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5–<24 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 24–<28 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). The relationship between risks of preeclampsia or severe preeclampsia and pre-pregnancy BMI were further explored, with an evaluation of potential modification by maternal age.ResultsA lower risk of developing preeclampsia was observed in the underweight population, with an OR of 0.604 (95%CI, 0.507–0.719). In contrast, women who were overweight or obese during the pre-pregnancy period demonstrated a significantly higher risk of preeclampsia, with ORs of 2.211 (95%CI, 1.967–2.486) and 3.662 (95%CI, 3.026–4.431), respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the elevated risk of preeclampsia persisted, showing ORs of 2.152(95%CI, 1.911–2.425) for the overweight population and 3.493 (95%CI, 2.874–4.245) for those who were obese, while the risk for underweight women remained lower, with an OR of 0.609(95%CI, 0.511–0.727). For severe preeclampsia, the risk was also higher in the overweight and obese participants after adjusting for confounders, demonstrating ORs of 1.652(95%CI, 1.364–2.001) and 2.762(95%CI, 2.014–3.788), respectively. The underweight population exhibited a lower risk of severe preeclampsia, with an OR of 0.720(95%CI, 0.565–0.919). In addition, these risks were not significantly associated with maternal age.ConclusionRegardless of adjustment for confounders, underweight women demonstrated a lower risk of preeclampsia, whereas the overweight/obese population exhibited a higher occurrence of both preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia. These associations were not influenced by maternal age.
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spelling doaj-art-fd146069dd4545e2aed2f5b64dc59cd32025-02-05T05:17:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-02-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15299661529966Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on preeclampsiaJing MaoHanxiang SunQinxin ShenChang ZouYuanyuan YangQiaoling DuBackgroundIt remains unclear how pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) affects preeclampsia in the Chinese population, primarily due to insufficient large-scale research on this topic.ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and (severe) preeclampsia in the Chinese population, providing a detailed description of the findings.MethodsThe retrospective study included a total of 75,773 pregnant women registered between 2016 and 2020. These participants were categorized into four groups based on their pre-pregnancy BMI: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (BMI 18.5–<24 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 24–<28 kg/m2), and obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). The relationship between risks of preeclampsia or severe preeclampsia and pre-pregnancy BMI were further explored, with an evaluation of potential modification by maternal age.ResultsA lower risk of developing preeclampsia was observed in the underweight population, with an OR of 0.604 (95%CI, 0.507–0.719). In contrast, women who were overweight or obese during the pre-pregnancy period demonstrated a significantly higher risk of preeclampsia, with ORs of 2.211 (95%CI, 1.967–2.486) and 3.662 (95%CI, 3.026–4.431), respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, the elevated risk of preeclampsia persisted, showing ORs of 2.152(95%CI, 1.911–2.425) for the overweight population and 3.493 (95%CI, 2.874–4.245) for those who were obese, while the risk for underweight women remained lower, with an OR of 0.609(95%CI, 0.511–0.727). For severe preeclampsia, the risk was also higher in the overweight and obese participants after adjusting for confounders, demonstrating ORs of 1.652(95%CI, 1.364–2.001) and 2.762(95%CI, 2.014–3.788), respectively. The underweight population exhibited a lower risk of severe preeclampsia, with an OR of 0.720(95%CI, 0.565–0.919). In addition, these risks were not significantly associated with maternal age.ConclusionRegardless of adjustment for confounders, underweight women demonstrated a lower risk of preeclampsia, whereas the overweight/obese population exhibited a higher occurrence of both preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia. These associations were not influenced by maternal age.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1529966/fullbody mass indexunderweightoverweightobesepreeclampsia
spellingShingle Jing Mao
Hanxiang Sun
Qinxin Shen
Chang Zou
Yuanyuan Yang
Qiaoling Du
Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on preeclampsia
Frontiers in Medicine
body mass index
underweight
overweight
obese
preeclampsia
title Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on preeclampsia
title_full Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on preeclampsia
title_fullStr Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on preeclampsia
title_full_unstemmed Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on preeclampsia
title_short Impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on preeclampsia
title_sort impact of pre pregnancy body mass index on preeclampsia
topic body mass index
underweight
overweight
obese
preeclampsia
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1529966/full
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AT yuanyuanyang impactofprepregnancybodymassindexonpreeclampsia
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