The association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis
Abstract Introduction To examine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted in Iran. During the first trimester of pregnancy, food intake was measured using a food frequency question...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01852-0 |
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| author | Nastaran Payandeh Hossein Shahinfar Ahmad Jayedi Majid Mirmohammadkhani Alireza Emadi Sakineh Shab-Bidar |
| author_facet | Nastaran Payandeh Hossein Shahinfar Ahmad Jayedi Majid Mirmohammadkhani Alireza Emadi Sakineh Shab-Bidar |
| author_sort | Nastaran Payandeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction To examine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted in Iran. During the first trimester of pregnancy, food intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Each participant’s DII score was calculated, and then, the Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of GDM across the quartiles of DII. We systematically searched the literature to conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies (PROSPERO: CRD42022331703). To estimate the summary relative risk for the highest versus lowest category of DII, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results In the prospective cohort study (n = 635 pregnant mothers), the multivariable HRs of GDM for the third and fourth quartiles of DII were 2.98 (95%CI: 1.98, 6.46) and 2.72 (95%CI: 1.11, 6.63), respectively. Based on a meta-analysis of six prospective cohorts and a case-control study (1014 cases of GDM in 7027 pregnant mothers), being in the highest category of the DII was associated with a 27% higher risk of GDM (relative risk: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.59; I2 = 50%; low certainty of evidence). A dose-response meta-analysis suggested a positive monotonic association between DII and GDM risk. Conclusions Our prospective cohort demonstrated a positive correlation between GDM risk and the inflammatory potential of diet in the first trimester of pregnancy. The results need to be confirmed by larger cohort studies. Clinical trial number Not applicable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fcf15a0d52264c1d98298f416ceb5471 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6823 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-fcf15a0d52264c1d98298f416ceb54712025-02-09T12:41:11ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232025-02-0125111210.1186/s12902-025-01852-0The association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysisNastaran Payandeh0Hossein Shahinfar1Ahmad Jayedi2Majid Mirmohammadkhani3Alireza Emadi4Sakineh Shab-Bidar5Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical SciencesNutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical SciencesSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical SciencesFood Safety Research Center (salt), Semnan University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)Abstract Introduction To examine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A prospective birth cohort study was conducted in Iran. During the first trimester of pregnancy, food intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Each participant’s DII score was calculated, and then, the Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI of GDM across the quartiles of DII. We systematically searched the literature to conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies (PROSPERO: CRD42022331703). To estimate the summary relative risk for the highest versus lowest category of DII, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Results In the prospective cohort study (n = 635 pregnant mothers), the multivariable HRs of GDM for the third and fourth quartiles of DII were 2.98 (95%CI: 1.98, 6.46) and 2.72 (95%CI: 1.11, 6.63), respectively. Based on a meta-analysis of six prospective cohorts and a case-control study (1014 cases of GDM in 7027 pregnant mothers), being in the highest category of the DII was associated with a 27% higher risk of GDM (relative risk: 1.27, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.59; I2 = 50%; low certainty of evidence). A dose-response meta-analysis suggested a positive monotonic association between DII and GDM risk. Conclusions Our prospective cohort demonstrated a positive correlation between GDM risk and the inflammatory potential of diet in the first trimester of pregnancy. The results need to be confirmed by larger cohort studies. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01852-0Dietary inflammatory indexGestational diabetes mellitusInflammationIran |
| spellingShingle | Nastaran Payandeh Hossein Shahinfar Ahmad Jayedi Majid Mirmohammadkhani Alireza Emadi Sakineh Shab-Bidar The association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis BMC Endocrine Disorders Dietary inflammatory index Gestational diabetes mellitus Inflammation Iran |
| title | The association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis |
| title_full | The association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | The association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis |
| title_short | The association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study and a meta-analysis |
| title_sort | association between the dietary inflammatory index during pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes a prospective cohort study and a meta analysis |
| topic | Dietary inflammatory index Gestational diabetes mellitus Inflammation Iran |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01852-0 |
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