Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021
BackgroundDietary risks are increasingly reported as a cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the trends in the burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks have yet to be fully elucidated.MethodsThis study extracted two major indicators related to CKD caused by dietary risks from the Global...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1555159/full |
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| author | Kaixuan Wang Shuaiqi Chen Mengmeng Wang Qingjiang Han Yuchuan Hou Xiaohui Wang |
| author_facet | Kaixuan Wang Shuaiqi Chen Mengmeng Wang Qingjiang Han Yuchuan Hou Xiaohui Wang |
| author_sort | Kaixuan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundDietary risks are increasingly reported as a cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the trends in the burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks have yet to be fully elucidated.MethodsThis study extracted two major indicators related to CKD caused by dietary risks from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for the years 1990 to 2021, including deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). It used estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and percentage change to assess the trends in the burden of CKD caused by dietary risks. The relationship between Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and disease burden was also further analyzed. Additionally, we utilized the contemporary age-period-cohort model from NORDPRED to project future burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks.ResultsIn 2021, globally, the number of deaths due to CKD caused by dietary risks was 317,010, and the number of DALYs was 7,971,281, approximately 2–3 times that of 1990, and it was expected to continue to rise before 2040. The global death rates and DALY rates of CKD related to dietary risks had increased, with EAPCs of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.69) and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.42), respectively. From a gender perspective, men were more likely to suffer from CKD due to dietary risks. From an age pattern perspective, in 2021, the number of deaths due to CKD caused by dietary risks peaked among men aged 70–74 and women aged 85–89. Additionally, the highest number of DALYs due to CKD caused by dietary risks was observed among men and women aged 65–69. In terms of socioeconomic factors, from 1990 to 2021, as the SDI increased, the age-standardized death rates and DALY rates due to CKD caused by dietary risks generally decreased. Among the seven dietary habits related to dietary risks, low vegetable intake, low fruit intake, and high sodium intake had the greatest impact.ConclusionIn summary, over the past 32 years, the burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks has rapidly increased globally, and it is expected to continue rising until 2040. Therefore, interdisciplinary actions involving education, policy, and healthcare should be taken to mitigate this growing trend. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fcdce34e04ec442680a3e43febd746b3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-fcdce34e04ec442680a3e43febd746b32025-08-20T02:40:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-03-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15551591555159Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021Kaixuan Wang0Shuaiqi Chen1Mengmeng Wang2Qingjiang Han3Yuchuan Hou4Xiaohui Wang5Department of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, ChinaDepartment of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, ChinaDepartment of Urology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaDepartment of Urology Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, ChinaBackgroundDietary risks are increasingly reported as a cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the trends in the burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks have yet to be fully elucidated.MethodsThis study extracted two major indicators related to CKD caused by dietary risks from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database for the years 1990 to 2021, including deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). It used estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and percentage change to assess the trends in the burden of CKD caused by dietary risks. The relationship between Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and disease burden was also further analyzed. Additionally, we utilized the contemporary age-period-cohort model from NORDPRED to project future burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks.ResultsIn 2021, globally, the number of deaths due to CKD caused by dietary risks was 317,010, and the number of DALYs was 7,971,281, approximately 2–3 times that of 1990, and it was expected to continue to rise before 2040. The global death rates and DALY rates of CKD related to dietary risks had increased, with EAPCs of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.69) and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.35 to 0.42), respectively. From a gender perspective, men were more likely to suffer from CKD due to dietary risks. From an age pattern perspective, in 2021, the number of deaths due to CKD caused by dietary risks peaked among men aged 70–74 and women aged 85–89. Additionally, the highest number of DALYs due to CKD caused by dietary risks was observed among men and women aged 65–69. In terms of socioeconomic factors, from 1990 to 2021, as the SDI increased, the age-standardized death rates and DALY rates due to CKD caused by dietary risks generally decreased. Among the seven dietary habits related to dietary risks, low vegetable intake, low fruit intake, and high sodium intake had the greatest impact.ConclusionIn summary, over the past 32 years, the burden of CKD attributable to dietary risks has rapidly increased globally, and it is expected to continue rising until 2040. Therefore, interdisciplinary actions involving education, policy, and healthcare should be taken to mitigate this growing trend.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1555159/fullCKDdisease burdendeathsDALYsdietary risks |
| spellingShingle | Kaixuan Wang Shuaiqi Chen Mengmeng Wang Qingjiang Han Yuchuan Hou Xiaohui Wang Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021 Frontiers in Nutrition CKD disease burden deaths DALYs dietary risks |
| title | Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_full | Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_fullStr | Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_short | Global, regional, and National Burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021 |
| title_sort | global regional and national burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to dietary risks from 1990 to 2021 |
| topic | CKD disease burden deaths DALYs dietary risks |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1555159/full |
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