Nonlinear Dynamics Induced by Optical Injection in Optical Frequency Combs Generated by Gain-Switching of Laser Diodes

We present experiments and numerical simulations of optical frequency combs generated by gain-switching a single mode laser diode when subject to optical injection. Our analysis focuses on the combs with a frequency separation <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_R$<...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ana Quirce, Alejandro Rosado, Jaime Diez, Angel Valle, Antonio Perez-Serrano, Jose-Manuel G. Tijero, Luis Pesquera, Ignacio Esquivias
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2020-01-01
Series:IEEE Photonics Journal
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9145638/
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Summary:We present experiments and numerical simulations of optical frequency combs generated by gain-switching a single mode laser diode when subject to optical injection. Our analysis focuses on the combs with a frequency separation <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_R$</tex-math></inline-formula> in the GHz range. We present experimental maps in the parameter space spanned by the detuning and the strength of the optical injection that identify the boundaries between regions with different dynamical states. A rich variety of nonlinear behaviors including injection-locked, unlocked and irregular combs are observed and analyzed. The dynamical state corresponding to an injection locked comb, P<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula>, is characterized by an optical phase oscillation with a well defined amplitude in such a way that repeats or changes in 2<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pi$</tex-math></inline-formula> with an <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N/f_R$</tex-math></inline-formula> period, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> is a natural number. Different regions of locked combs with a tongue shape around detuning values given by multiples of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_R$</tex-math></inline-formula> appear in the maps. P1 and P2 are the most widespread locked states for large values of the modulation amplitude. As this amplitude decreases a much larger variety of P<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> states with large values of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> appear in small area regions of the map. Our numerical simulations are in very good agreement with experimental results.
ISSN:1943-0655