Food poverty and consumption inequality in urban Ethiopia

Abstract Understanding the current state of food poverty is crucial to eradicating hunger and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of 2030. Accordingly, this study was designed to assess food poverty, investigate consumption inequality, and identify the determinants of food poverty in urban E...

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Main Authors: Zenaye Degefu Agazhi, Melkamu Mada
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Discover Food
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00403-9
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author Zenaye Degefu Agazhi
Melkamu Mada
author_facet Zenaye Degefu Agazhi
Melkamu Mada
author_sort Zenaye Degefu Agazhi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Understanding the current state of food poverty is crucial to eradicating hunger and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of 2030. Accordingly, this study was designed to assess food poverty, investigate consumption inequality, and identify the determinants of food poverty in urban Ethiopia. This study is based on the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) 2018/2019 fourth-wave survey. In this study, food poverty was assessed using the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index. In addition, the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient were estimated to capture consumption inequality. Furthermore, a quantile regression model was estimated to identify the determinants of food poverty in urban Ethiopia. This study comprised 3596 Ethiopian urban households with an average age of 40.45. Here, an inflation-corrected national food poverty line was used as a cutoff point to identify food-poor and food-non-poor households, which was found to be 5129.92 ETB per year PAE. The results of the FGT indices indicate that 17.8% of urban households were food-poor. Food poverty was more prevalent in the SNNP (36.7%) while it was less prevalent in Harer (7.5%). It was also confirmed that food poverty was higher among emerging regions and female-headed households. In addition, the Gini coefficient is 0.367, confirming the moderate level of food consumption inequality in urban Ethiopia. The quantile regression result confirms that mobile phone ownership, educational attainment, savings behavior, utility expenditure, and the number of rooms in a house were found to reduce food poverty. Conversely, household size and the age of the household head were found to exacerbate food poverty. Finally, to reduce food poverty in urban Ethiopia, it is crucial to promote family planning, build infrastructure that facilitates, improve access to and use of formal banks and mobile phones, and expand access to education while maintaining quality.
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spelling doaj-art-fbfed4fc70a84e81b85733a95caffe222025-08-20T01:53:23ZengSpringerDiscover Food2731-42862025-05-015111310.1007/s44187-025-00403-9Food poverty and consumption inequality in urban EthiopiaZenaye Degefu Agazhi0Melkamu Mada1Department of Economics, Arba Minch UniversityDepartment of Economics, Arba Minch UniversityAbstract Understanding the current state of food poverty is crucial to eradicating hunger and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of 2030. Accordingly, this study was designed to assess food poverty, investigate consumption inequality, and identify the determinants of food poverty in urban Ethiopia. This study is based on the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS) 2018/2019 fourth-wave survey. In this study, food poverty was assessed using the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) index. In addition, the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient were estimated to capture consumption inequality. Furthermore, a quantile regression model was estimated to identify the determinants of food poverty in urban Ethiopia. This study comprised 3596 Ethiopian urban households with an average age of 40.45. Here, an inflation-corrected national food poverty line was used as a cutoff point to identify food-poor and food-non-poor households, which was found to be 5129.92 ETB per year PAE. The results of the FGT indices indicate that 17.8% of urban households were food-poor. Food poverty was more prevalent in the SNNP (36.7%) while it was less prevalent in Harer (7.5%). It was also confirmed that food poverty was higher among emerging regions and female-headed households. In addition, the Gini coefficient is 0.367, confirming the moderate level of food consumption inequality in urban Ethiopia. The quantile regression result confirms that mobile phone ownership, educational attainment, savings behavior, utility expenditure, and the number of rooms in a house were found to reduce food poverty. Conversely, household size and the age of the household head were found to exacerbate food poverty. Finally, to reduce food poverty in urban Ethiopia, it is crucial to promote family planning, build infrastructure that facilitates, improve access to and use of formal banks and mobile phones, and expand access to education while maintaining quality.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00403-9Food PovertyConsumption InequalityFGTQuantile RegressionEthiopia
spellingShingle Zenaye Degefu Agazhi
Melkamu Mada
Food poverty and consumption inequality in urban Ethiopia
Discover Food
Food Poverty
Consumption Inequality
FGT
Quantile Regression
Ethiopia
title Food poverty and consumption inequality in urban Ethiopia
title_full Food poverty and consumption inequality in urban Ethiopia
title_fullStr Food poverty and consumption inequality in urban Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Food poverty and consumption inequality in urban Ethiopia
title_short Food poverty and consumption inequality in urban Ethiopia
title_sort food poverty and consumption inequality in urban ethiopia
topic Food Poverty
Consumption Inequality
FGT
Quantile Regression
Ethiopia
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00403-9
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