A Review on the Technologies and Efficiency of Harvesting Energy from Pavements

Dark asphalt surfaces, absorbing about 95% of solar radiation and warming to 60–70 °C during summer, intensify urban heat while providing substantial prospects for energy extraction. This review evaluates four primary technologies—asphalt solar collectors (ASCs, including phase change material (PCM)...

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Main Authors: Shijing Chen, Luxi Wei, Chan Huang, Yinghong Qin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3959
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author Shijing Chen
Luxi Wei
Chan Huang
Yinghong Qin
author_facet Shijing Chen
Luxi Wei
Chan Huang
Yinghong Qin
author_sort Shijing Chen
collection DOAJ
description Dark asphalt surfaces, absorbing about 95% of solar radiation and warming to 60–70 °C during summer, intensify urban heat while providing substantial prospects for energy extraction. This review evaluates four primary technologies—asphalt solar collectors (ASCs, including phase change material (PCM) integration), photovoltaic (PV) systems, vibration-based harvesting, thermoelectric generators (TEGs)—focusing on their principles, efficiencies, and urban applications. ASCs achieve up to 30% efficiency with a 150–300 W/m<sup>2</sup> output, reducing pavement temperatures by 0.5–3.2 °C, while PV pavements yield 42–49% efficiency, generating 245 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> and lowering temperatures by an average of 6.4 °C. Piezoelectric transducers produce 50.41 mW under traffic loads, and TEGs deliver 0.3–5.0 W with a 23 °C gradient. Applications include powering sensors, streetlights, and de-icing systems, with ASCs extending pavement life by 3 years. Hybrid systems, like PV/T, achieve 37.31% efficiency, enhancing UHI mitigation and emissions reduction. Economically, ASCs offer a 5-year payback period with a USD 3000 net present value, though PV and piezoelectric systems face cost and durability challenges. Environmental benefits include 30–40% heat retention for winter use and 17% increased PV self-use with EV integration. Despite significant potential, high costs and scalability issues hinder adoption. Future research should optimize designs, develop adaptive materials, and validate systems under real-world conditions to advance sustainable urban infrastructure.
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spelling doaj-art-fbfeb608a18f4464b2a124df7659dfd82025-08-20T04:00:53ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011815395910.3390/en18153959A Review on the Technologies and Efficiency of Harvesting Energy from PavementsShijing Chen0Luxi Wei1Chan Huang2Yinghong Qin3Nanning Communications Investment Group Co., Ltd., No. 2, Tongda East Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning 530022, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi Minzu University, 188 University Road, Nanning 530006, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi Minzu University, 188 University Road, Nanning 530006, ChinaCollege of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi Minzu University, 188 University Road, Nanning 530006, ChinaDark asphalt surfaces, absorbing about 95% of solar radiation and warming to 60–70 °C during summer, intensify urban heat while providing substantial prospects for energy extraction. This review evaluates four primary technologies—asphalt solar collectors (ASCs, including phase change material (PCM) integration), photovoltaic (PV) systems, vibration-based harvesting, thermoelectric generators (TEGs)—focusing on their principles, efficiencies, and urban applications. ASCs achieve up to 30% efficiency with a 150–300 W/m<sup>2</sup> output, reducing pavement temperatures by 0.5–3.2 °C, while PV pavements yield 42–49% efficiency, generating 245 kWh/m<sup>2</sup> and lowering temperatures by an average of 6.4 °C. Piezoelectric transducers produce 50.41 mW under traffic loads, and TEGs deliver 0.3–5.0 W with a 23 °C gradient. Applications include powering sensors, streetlights, and de-icing systems, with ASCs extending pavement life by 3 years. Hybrid systems, like PV/T, achieve 37.31% efficiency, enhancing UHI mitigation and emissions reduction. Economically, ASCs offer a 5-year payback period with a USD 3000 net present value, though PV and piezoelectric systems face cost and durability challenges. Environmental benefits include 30–40% heat retention for winter use and 17% increased PV self-use with EV integration. Despite significant potential, high costs and scalability issues hinder adoption. Future research should optimize designs, develop adaptive materials, and validate systems under real-world conditions to advance sustainable urban infrastructure.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3959pavement energy harvestingurban heat islandasphalt solar collectorsphotovoltaic pavementspiezoelectric transducers
spellingShingle Shijing Chen
Luxi Wei
Chan Huang
Yinghong Qin
A Review on the Technologies and Efficiency of Harvesting Energy from Pavements
Energies
pavement energy harvesting
urban heat island
asphalt solar collectors
photovoltaic pavements
piezoelectric transducers
title A Review on the Technologies and Efficiency of Harvesting Energy from Pavements
title_full A Review on the Technologies and Efficiency of Harvesting Energy from Pavements
title_fullStr A Review on the Technologies and Efficiency of Harvesting Energy from Pavements
title_full_unstemmed A Review on the Technologies and Efficiency of Harvesting Energy from Pavements
title_short A Review on the Technologies and Efficiency of Harvesting Energy from Pavements
title_sort review on the technologies and efficiency of harvesting energy from pavements
topic pavement energy harvesting
urban heat island
asphalt solar collectors
photovoltaic pavements
piezoelectric transducers
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/15/3959
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