Hostility and Cognitive Complexity: a Meta-analysis

Background. We can see outbreaks of social violence (notably wars, riots, and revolutions), both historically and in the current social situation. Some authors point to the impact of hostility on human cognitive processes and on decision making, and through these factors – on aggressive behaviour. M...

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Main Authors: Gleb D. Emelin, Sergey N. Enikolopov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University 2025-03-01
Series:Psychology in Russia: State of Art
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Online Access:https://psychologyinrussia.com/volumes/index.php?article=13274
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author Gleb D. Emelin
Sergey N. Enikolopov
author_facet Gleb D. Emelin
Sergey N. Enikolopov
author_sort Gleb D. Emelin
collection DOAJ
description Background. We can see outbreaks of social violence (notably wars, riots, and revolutions), both historically and in the current social situation. Some authors point to the impact of hostility on human cognitive processes and on decision making, and through these factors – on aggressive behaviour. Moreover, some retrospective studies note the role of cognitive complexity in the peaceful resolution of conflicts (including international conflicts). These findings prompted us to ask whether the two phenomena are related. To answer this question a meta-analysis of correlation between hostility and cognitive complexity was conducted. Objective. Our objective was to summarise research findings on the relationship between hostility and cognitive complexity. Design. The total number of papers screened was 839 (in English and Russian). A total of 5 effect sizes from 4 selected papers were included in the meta-analysis derived from a pooled sample of 3114 participants. Three-level random-effects meta-analysis, p-curve, p-uniform and p-uniform* methods were used in the data analysis. Results. The results of different effect size calculation methods (three-level random-effects model, two-level random-effects model, and p-uniform*) confirmed that there is a moderately weak negative correlation between hostility and cognitive complexity. The most accurate result is rpooled = -0.22 [-.45;.003]. Conclusion. There is a negative correlational relationship between hostility and cognitive complexity. Apparently, hostility and cognitive complexity have some reciprocal influence on each other. The authors hypothesise that hostility is rather complementary to cognitive simplicity as the opposite pole of cognitive complexity - if the function of hostility in ensuring the protection of one’s sense of Self is taken into account. Both hostility and cognitive simplicity work to create a simple (in one case dangerous, in another case unambiguous) world in which it is easier to make decisions (including the decision to engage in aggressive behaviour).
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spelling doaj-art-fbefdffe9315417ba5664bfe6d7040842025-08-20T02:13:52ZengM.V. Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityPsychology in Russia: State of Art2074-68572307-22022025-03-0118114415710.11621/pir.2025.0108Hostility and Cognitive Complexity: a Meta-analysisGleb D. Emelin0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0034-8467Sergey N. Enikolopov1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-6703Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, RussiaLomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia; Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, RussiaBackground. We can see outbreaks of social violence (notably wars, riots, and revolutions), both historically and in the current social situation. Some authors point to the impact of hostility on human cognitive processes and on decision making, and through these factors – on aggressive behaviour. Moreover, some retrospective studies note the role of cognitive complexity in the peaceful resolution of conflicts (including international conflicts). These findings prompted us to ask whether the two phenomena are related. To answer this question a meta-analysis of correlation between hostility and cognitive complexity was conducted. Objective. Our objective was to summarise research findings on the relationship between hostility and cognitive complexity. Design. The total number of papers screened was 839 (in English and Russian). A total of 5 effect sizes from 4 selected papers were included in the meta-analysis derived from a pooled sample of 3114 participants. Three-level random-effects meta-analysis, p-curve, p-uniform and p-uniform* methods were used in the data analysis. Results. The results of different effect size calculation methods (three-level random-effects model, two-level random-effects model, and p-uniform*) confirmed that there is a moderately weak negative correlation between hostility and cognitive complexity. The most accurate result is rpooled = -0.22 [-.45;.003]. Conclusion. There is a negative correlational relationship between hostility and cognitive complexity. Apparently, hostility and cognitive complexity have some reciprocal influence on each other. The authors hypothesise that hostility is rather complementary to cognitive simplicity as the opposite pole of cognitive complexity - if the function of hostility in ensuring the protection of one’s sense of Self is taken into account. Both hostility and cognitive simplicity work to create a simple (in one case dangerous, in another case unambiguous) world in which it is easier to make decisions (including the decision to engage in aggressive behaviour). https://psychologyinrussia.com/volumes/index.php?article=13274hostilitycognitive complexityintegrative complexitycognitive simplicitymeta-analysis
spellingShingle Gleb D. Emelin
Sergey N. Enikolopov
Hostility and Cognitive Complexity: a Meta-analysis
Psychology in Russia: State of Art
hostility
cognitive complexity
integrative complexity
cognitive simplicity
meta-analysis
title Hostility and Cognitive Complexity: a Meta-analysis
title_full Hostility and Cognitive Complexity: a Meta-analysis
title_fullStr Hostility and Cognitive Complexity: a Meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Hostility and Cognitive Complexity: a Meta-analysis
title_short Hostility and Cognitive Complexity: a Meta-analysis
title_sort hostility and cognitive complexity a meta analysis
topic hostility
cognitive complexity
integrative complexity
cognitive simplicity
meta-analysis
url https://psychologyinrussia.com/volumes/index.php?article=13274
work_keys_str_mv AT glebdemelin hostilityandcognitivecomplexityametaanalysis
AT sergeynenikolopov hostilityandcognitivecomplexityametaanalysis