Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomes

The use of fresh versus frozen spermatozoa in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been a debated hot topic among reproductive specialists. Each approach presents distinct advantages and disadvantages, with fresh sperm typically showing superior sperm...

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Main Authors: Krishna Chaitanya Mantravadi, Marlon Martinez, Favian Ariiq Rahmat, Armand Achmadsyah, Missy Savira, Ponco Birowo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-05-01
Series:Asian Journal of Andrology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja202513
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author Krishna Chaitanya Mantravadi
Marlon Martinez
Favian Ariiq Rahmat
Armand Achmadsyah
Missy Savira
Ponco Birowo
author_facet Krishna Chaitanya Mantravadi
Marlon Martinez
Favian Ariiq Rahmat
Armand Achmadsyah
Missy Savira
Ponco Birowo
author_sort Krishna Chaitanya Mantravadi
collection DOAJ
description The use of fresh versus frozen spermatozoa in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been a debated hot topic among reproductive specialists. Each approach presents distinct advantages and disadvantages, with fresh sperm typically showing superior sperm quality, while frozen sperm offers logistical flexibility and a reliable backup for repeated cycles. This review summarizes the latest advancements in sperm retrieval and cryopreservation techniques, providing practitioners with a comprehensive analysis of each option’s strengths and limitations. Comparative studies indicate that, although fresh sperm often has better quality metrics, cryopreservation methods such as vitrification have significantly improved postthaw outcomes, making frozen sperm a viable choice in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The findings show comparable rates for fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth between fresh and frozen microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) sperm in many cases, although patient-specific factors such as timing, cost-effectiveness, and procedural convenience should guide the final decision. Ultimately, the choice of using fresh or frozen sperm should align with the individual needs and conditions of patients. This tailored approach, supported by the latest advancements, can optimize ART outcomes and provide personalized reproductive care.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
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spelling doaj-art-fbef3cd6a6b641058c03f2cb94f20a5e2025-08-20T03:07:41ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAsian Journal of Andrology1008-682X1745-72622025-05-0127339940810.4103/aja202513Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomesKrishna Chaitanya MantravadiMarlon MartinezFavian Ariiq RahmatArmand AchmadsyahMissy SaviraPonco BirowoThe use of fresh versus frozen spermatozoa in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been a debated hot topic among reproductive specialists. Each approach presents distinct advantages and disadvantages, with fresh sperm typically showing superior sperm quality, while frozen sperm offers logistical flexibility and a reliable backup for repeated cycles. This review summarizes the latest advancements in sperm retrieval and cryopreservation techniques, providing practitioners with a comprehensive analysis of each option’s strengths and limitations. Comparative studies indicate that, although fresh sperm often has better quality metrics, cryopreservation methods such as vitrification have significantly improved postthaw outcomes, making frozen sperm a viable choice in assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The findings show comparable rates for fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth between fresh and frozen microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) sperm in many cases, although patient-specific factors such as timing, cost-effectiveness, and procedural convenience should guide the final decision. Ultimately, the choice of using fresh or frozen sperm should align with the individual needs and conditions of patients. This tailored approach, supported by the latest advancements, can optimize ART outcomes and provide personalized reproductive care.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja202513cryopreservationinfertilitymicrodissection testicular sperm extractionnonobstructive azoospermiaspermatozoa
spellingShingle Krishna Chaitanya Mantravadi
Marlon Martinez
Favian Ariiq Rahmat
Armand Achmadsyah
Missy Savira
Ponco Birowo
Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomes
Asian Journal of Andrology
cryopreservation
infertility
microdissection testicular sperm extraction
nonobstructive azoospermia
spermatozoa
title Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomes
title_full Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomes
title_fullStr Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomes
title_short Fresh versus frozen micro-TESE sperm and outcomes
title_sort fresh versus frozen micro tese sperm and outcomes
topic cryopreservation
infertility
microdissection testicular sperm extraction
nonobstructive azoospermia
spermatozoa
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/aja202513
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AT marlonmartinez freshversusfrozenmicrotesespermandoutcomes
AT favianariiqrahmat freshversusfrozenmicrotesespermandoutcomes
AT armandachmadsyah freshversusfrozenmicrotesespermandoutcomes
AT missysavira freshversusfrozenmicrotesespermandoutcomes
AT poncobirowo freshversusfrozenmicrotesespermandoutcomes