Comparative Analysis of Phenolic, Carotenoid, and Elemental Profiles in Three <i>Crataegus</i> Species from Şebinkarahisar, Türkiye: Implications for Nutritional Value and Safety

Comparative Analysis of Phenolic, Carotenoid, and Elemental Profiles in Three <i>Crataegus</i> Species from Şebinkarahisar, Türkiye: Implications for Nutritional Value and Safety

This study evaluated the phenolic, carotenoid, and elemental compositions of three hawthorn species—<i>Crataegus: C. tanacetifolia</i> (yellow), <i>C. orientalis</i> (orange), and <i>C. microphylla</i> (red)—collected from Şebinkarahisar, Türkiye. Liquid chromatog...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mehmet Emin Şeker, Ayşegül Erdoğan, Emriye Ay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
<i>Crataegus</i>
phenolic compounds
carotenoids
target hazard quotient (THQ)
hazard index (HI)
carcinogenic risk (CR)
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/14/2934
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Summary:This study evaluated the phenolic, carotenoid, and elemental compositions of three hawthorn species—<i>Crataegus: C. tanacetifolia</i> (yellow), <i>C. orientalis</i> (orange), and <i>C. microphylla</i> (red)—collected from Şebinkarahisar, Türkiye. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) analysis revealed that <i>C. microphylla</i> had the highest phenolic content, notably epicatechin, gallic acid, and quercetin. It also showed the highest levels of β-carotene and lutein, highlighting its nutraceutical potential. <i>C. orientalis</i> was rich in rutin and taxifolin. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results showed significant mineral content, including Fe, Mn, Ca, and Se. About 60 g of dried hawthorn could meet 7–8% of daily selenium needs. In <i>C. tanacetifolia</i>, toxicological tests showed no substantial health hazards, with target hazard quotient (THQ) values below 1 and carcinogenic risk (CR) values within tolerable levels (e.g., Ni-CR: 4.68 × 10<sup>−5</sup>). Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) levels were below detection thresholds in all samples, indicating that hawthorn fruits from this location are safe. The study also shows how species-specific and geographical factors affect hawthorn fruit nutrition and safety.
ISSN:1420-3049

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