Postprandial glucose variability and clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors in a South African cohort of African ancestry

Introduction This study aimed to, first, determine the clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors associated with postprandial glucose (PPG) and, second to evaluate the variation these clusters account for jointly and independently with polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in South...

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Main Authors: Lisa K Micklesfield, Tinashe Chikowore, Julia H Goedecke, Michèle Ramsay, Bontle Masango, Karl-Heinz Storbeck
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2024-04-01
Series:BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
Online Access:https://drc.bmj.com/content/12/2/e003927.full
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author Lisa K Micklesfield
Tinashe Chikowore
Julia H Goedecke
Michèle Ramsay
Bontle Masango
Karl-Heinz Storbeck
author_facet Lisa K Micklesfield
Tinashe Chikowore
Julia H Goedecke
Michèle Ramsay
Bontle Masango
Karl-Heinz Storbeck
author_sort Lisa K Micklesfield
collection DOAJ
description Introduction This study aimed to, first, determine the clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors associated with postprandial glucose (PPG) and, second to evaluate the variation these clusters account for jointly and independently with polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in South Africans of African ancestry men and women.Research design and methods PPG was calculated as the integrated area under the curve for glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using the trapezoidal rule in 794 participants from the Middle-aged Soweto Cohort. Principal component analysis was used to cluster sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors, stratified by sex. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the proportion of variance in PPG accounted for by principal components (PCs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) PRS while adjusting for selected covariates in men and women.Results The T2D PRS did not contribute to the PPG variability in both men and women. In men, the PCs’ cluster of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic explained 10.6% of the variance in PPG, with PC1 (peripheral fat), PC2 (liver enzymes and steroid hormones), and PC3 (lipids and peripheral fat) contributing significantly to PPG. In women, PC factors of sex hormones, cardiometabolic factors, and liver enzymes explained a similar amount of the variance in PPG (10.8%), with PC1 (central fat) and PC2 (lipids and liver enzymes) contributing significantly to PPG.Conclusions We demonstrated that inter-individual differences in PPG responses to an OGTT may be differentially explained by body fat distribution, serum lipids, liver enzymes, and steroid hormones in men and women.
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spelling doaj-art-fbe1bc1224bc4b3fa19fccd6e8c745de2025-08-20T02:50:44ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care2052-48972024-04-0112210.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003927Postprandial glucose variability and clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors in a South African cohort of African ancestryLisa K Micklesfield0Tinashe Chikowore1Julia H Goedecke2Michèle Ramsay3Bontle Masango4Karl-Heinz Storbeck5SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, Gauteng, South AfricaSouth African Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand, Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit (DPHRU), University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa2 Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South AfricaSydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South AfricaDivision of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South AfricaIntroduction This study aimed to, first, determine the clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors associated with postprandial glucose (PPG) and, second to evaluate the variation these clusters account for jointly and independently with polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in South Africans of African ancestry men and women.Research design and methods PPG was calculated as the integrated area under the curve for glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using the trapezoidal rule in 794 participants from the Middle-aged Soweto Cohort. Principal component analysis was used to cluster sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors, stratified by sex. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the proportion of variance in PPG accounted for by principal components (PCs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) PRS while adjusting for selected covariates in men and women.Results The T2D PRS did not contribute to the PPG variability in both men and women. In men, the PCs’ cluster of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic explained 10.6% of the variance in PPG, with PC1 (peripheral fat), PC2 (liver enzymes and steroid hormones), and PC3 (lipids and peripheral fat) contributing significantly to PPG. In women, PC factors of sex hormones, cardiometabolic factors, and liver enzymes explained a similar amount of the variance in PPG (10.8%), with PC1 (central fat) and PC2 (lipids and liver enzymes) contributing significantly to PPG.Conclusions We demonstrated that inter-individual differences in PPG responses to an OGTT may be differentially explained by body fat distribution, serum lipids, liver enzymes, and steroid hormones in men and women.https://drc.bmj.com/content/12/2/e003927.full
spellingShingle Lisa K Micklesfield
Tinashe Chikowore
Julia H Goedecke
Michèle Ramsay
Bontle Masango
Karl-Heinz Storbeck
Postprandial glucose variability and clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors in a South African cohort of African ancestry
BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care
title Postprandial glucose variability and clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors in a South African cohort of African ancestry
title_full Postprandial glucose variability and clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors in a South African cohort of African ancestry
title_fullStr Postprandial glucose variability and clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors in a South African cohort of African ancestry
title_full_unstemmed Postprandial glucose variability and clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors in a South African cohort of African ancestry
title_short Postprandial glucose variability and clusters of sex hormones, liver enzymes, and cardiometabolic factors in a South African cohort of African ancestry
title_sort postprandial glucose variability and clusters of sex hormones liver enzymes and cardiometabolic factors in a south african cohort of african ancestry
url https://drc.bmj.com/content/12/2/e003927.full
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