Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers

Abstract Background Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) experience persistent systemic inflammation and increased morbidity and mortality. Modulating the gut microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a novel therapeutic strategy. We aimed to eva...

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Main Authors: Claudio Díaz-García, Elena Moreno, Alba Talavera-Rodríguez, Lucía Martín-Fernández, Sara González-Bodí, Laura Martín-Pedraza, José A. Pérez-Molina, Fernando Dronda, María José Gosalbes, Laura Luna, María Jesús Vivancos, Jaime Huerta-Cepas, Santiago Moreno, Sergio Serrano-Villar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-10-01
Series:Microbiome
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-01919-5
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author Claudio Díaz-García
Elena Moreno
Alba Talavera-Rodríguez
Lucía Martín-Fernández
Sara González-Bodí
Laura Martín-Pedraza
José A. Pérez-Molina
Fernando Dronda
María José Gosalbes
Laura Luna
María Jesús Vivancos
Jaime Huerta-Cepas
Santiago Moreno
Sergio Serrano-Villar
author_facet Claudio Díaz-García
Elena Moreno
Alba Talavera-Rodríguez
Lucía Martín-Fernández
Sara González-Bodí
Laura Martín-Pedraza
José A. Pérez-Molina
Fernando Dronda
María José Gosalbes
Laura Luna
María Jesús Vivancos
Jaime Huerta-Cepas
Santiago Moreno
Sergio Serrano-Villar
author_sort Claudio Díaz-García
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) experience persistent systemic inflammation and increased morbidity and mortality. Modulating the gut microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a novel therapeutic strategy. We aimed to evaluate proteomic changes in inflammatory pathways following repeated, low-dose FMT versus placebo. Methods This double-masked, placebo-controlled pilot study assessed the proteomic impacts of weekly FMT versus placebo treatment over 8 weeks on systemic inflammation in 29 PWH receiving stable antiretroviral therapy (ART). Three stool donors with high Faecalibacterium and butyrate profiles were selected, and their individual stools were used for FMT capsule preparation. Proteomic changes in 345 inflammatory proteins in plasma were quantified using the proximity extension assay, with samples collected at baseline and at weeks 1, 8, and 24. Concurrently, we characterized shifts in the gut microbiota composition and annotated functions through shotgun metagenomics. We fitted generalized additive models to evaluate the dynamics of protein expression. We selected the most relevant proteins to explore their correlations with microbiome composition and functionality over time using linear mixed models. Results FMT significantly reduced the plasma levels of 45 inflammatory proteins, including established mortality predictors such as IL6 and TNF-α. We found notable reductions persisting up to 16 weeks after the final FMT procedure, including in the expression of proteins such as CCL20 and CD22. We identified changes in 46 proteins, including decreases in FT3LG, IL6, IL10RB, IL12B, and IL17A, which correlated with multiple bacterial species. We found that specific bacterial species within the Ruminococcaceae, Succinivibrionaceae, Prevotellaceae families, and the Clostridium genus, in addition to their associated genes and functions, were significantly correlated with changes in inflammatory markers. Conclusions Targeting the gut microbiome through FMT effectively decreased inflammatory proteins in PWH, with sustained effects. These findings suggest the potential of the microbiome as a therapeutic target to mitigate inflammation-related complications in this population, encouraging further research and development of microbiome-based interventions. Video Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-fbde13ea2dbb453793b28308b47c01932025-08-20T03:52:23ZengBMCMicrobiome2049-26182024-10-0112111910.1186/s40168-024-01919-5Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial driversClaudio Díaz-García0Elena Moreno1Alba Talavera-Rodríguez2Lucía Martín-Fernández3Sara González-Bodí4Laura Martín-Pedraza5José A. Pérez-Molina6Fernando Dronda7María José Gosalbes8Laura Luna9María Jesús Vivancos10Jaime Huerta-Cepas11Santiago Moreno12Sergio Serrano-Villar13Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoDepartamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoÁrea de Genómica y Salud, Fundación Para El Fomento de La Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de La Comunidad Valenciana-Salud PúblicaDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC)Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS and Universidad de Alcalá, Carretera de Colmenar ViejoAbstract Background Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) experience persistent systemic inflammation and increased morbidity and mortality. Modulating the gut microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a novel therapeutic strategy. We aimed to evaluate proteomic changes in inflammatory pathways following repeated, low-dose FMT versus placebo. Methods This double-masked, placebo-controlled pilot study assessed the proteomic impacts of weekly FMT versus placebo treatment over 8 weeks on systemic inflammation in 29 PWH receiving stable antiretroviral therapy (ART). Three stool donors with high Faecalibacterium and butyrate profiles were selected, and their individual stools were used for FMT capsule preparation. Proteomic changes in 345 inflammatory proteins in plasma were quantified using the proximity extension assay, with samples collected at baseline and at weeks 1, 8, and 24. Concurrently, we characterized shifts in the gut microbiota composition and annotated functions through shotgun metagenomics. We fitted generalized additive models to evaluate the dynamics of protein expression. We selected the most relevant proteins to explore their correlations with microbiome composition and functionality over time using linear mixed models. Results FMT significantly reduced the plasma levels of 45 inflammatory proteins, including established mortality predictors such as IL6 and TNF-α. We found notable reductions persisting up to 16 weeks after the final FMT procedure, including in the expression of proteins such as CCL20 and CD22. We identified changes in 46 proteins, including decreases in FT3LG, IL6, IL10RB, IL12B, and IL17A, which correlated with multiple bacterial species. We found that specific bacterial species within the Ruminococcaceae, Succinivibrionaceae, Prevotellaceae families, and the Clostridium genus, in addition to their associated genes and functions, were significantly correlated with changes in inflammatory markers. Conclusions Targeting the gut microbiome through FMT effectively decreased inflammatory proteins in PWH, with sustained effects. These findings suggest the potential of the microbiome as a therapeutic target to mitigate inflammation-related complications in this population, encouraging further research and development of microbiome-based interventions. Video Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-01919-5HIVSystemic inflammationFecal microbiota transplantProteomicsShotgun metagenomicsMicrobiome
spellingShingle Claudio Díaz-García
Elena Moreno
Alba Talavera-Rodríguez
Lucía Martín-Fernández
Sara González-Bodí
Laura Martín-Pedraza
José A. Pérez-Molina
Fernando Dronda
María José Gosalbes
Laura Luna
María Jesús Vivancos
Jaime Huerta-Cepas
Santiago Moreno
Sergio Serrano-Villar
Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers
Microbiome
HIV
Systemic inflammation
Fecal microbiota transplant
Proteomics
Shotgun metagenomics
Microbiome
title Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers
title_full Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers
title_fullStr Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers
title_full_unstemmed Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers
title_short Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers
title_sort fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in hiv identifying bacterial drivers
topic HIV
Systemic inflammation
Fecal microbiota transplant
Proteomics
Shotgun metagenomics
Microbiome
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-024-01919-5
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