Dysregulated macrophage immunity in Helicobacter pylori infection: unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilic, gram-negative spirochete that primarily colonizes the human gastric mucosa. It is strongly linked to gastritis, ulcers, and the development of malignant tumors. Macrophages, as one of the key components of the innate immune system, play a crucial...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1636768/full |
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| author | Miao Xiang Miao Xiang Panpan Li Panpan Li Xiaofei Yue Linlin Liu Linlin Liu Linjing Wang Nengjin Sun Nengjin Sun Kaile Wang Kaile Wang Yuying Zhang Hongyan Wang Hongyan Wang |
| author_facet | Miao Xiang Miao Xiang Panpan Li Panpan Li Xiaofei Yue Linlin Liu Linlin Liu Linjing Wang Nengjin Sun Nengjin Sun Kaile Wang Kaile Wang Yuying Zhang Hongyan Wang Hongyan Wang |
| author_sort | Miao Xiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilic, gram-negative spirochete that primarily colonizes the human gastric mucosa. It is strongly linked to gastritis, ulcers, and the development of malignant tumors. Macrophages, as one of the key components of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis through a range of functions, including pathogen phagocytosis, antigen recognition and presentation, inflammation regulation and tumor immune surveillance. Emerging evidence suggests that H. pylori employs diverse molecular mechanisms to evade immune clearance by macrophages. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how H. pylori infection modulates macrophage functions, including impairing pathogen recognition and phagocytosis, disrupting phagosome maturation and reducing immune clearance capacity. Furthermore, H. pylori infection skews macrophage polarization to promote chronic inflammatory damage, inhibits antigen processing and presentation to evade adaptive immune responses and induces macrophage apoptosis via activation of apoptotic signaling pathways. By unraveling the complex molecular interactions between H. pylori and macrophages, this review highlights strategies for reprogramming macrophage functions, offering innovative approaches to address the limitations of conventional antimicrobial therapies and advancing targeted therapeutic interventions for H. pylori-associated diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fbc172abf16f423b9fec4e4d6f3ea596 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-fbc172abf16f423b9fec4e4d6f3ea5962025-08-20T03:23:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.16367681636768Dysregulated macrophage immunity in Helicobacter pylori infection: unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implicationsMiao Xiang0Miao Xiang1Panpan Li2Panpan Li3Xiaofei Yue4Linlin Liu5Linlin Liu6Linjing Wang7Nengjin Sun8Nengjin Sun9Kaile Wang10Kaile Wang11Yuying Zhang12Hongyan Wang13Hongyan Wang14Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaRehabilitation Pharmacy Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Weifang People’s Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Inflammatory Disease Research in Universities of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaDepartment of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, ChinaHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a microaerophilic, gram-negative spirochete that primarily colonizes the human gastric mucosa. It is strongly linked to gastritis, ulcers, and the development of malignant tumors. Macrophages, as one of the key components of the innate immune system, play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis through a range of functions, including pathogen phagocytosis, antigen recognition and presentation, inflammation regulation and tumor immune surveillance. Emerging evidence suggests that H. pylori employs diverse molecular mechanisms to evade immune clearance by macrophages. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how H. pylori infection modulates macrophage functions, including impairing pathogen recognition and phagocytosis, disrupting phagosome maturation and reducing immune clearance capacity. Furthermore, H. pylori infection skews macrophage polarization to promote chronic inflammatory damage, inhibits antigen processing and presentation to evade adaptive immune responses and induces macrophage apoptosis via activation of apoptotic signaling pathways. By unraveling the complex molecular interactions between H. pylori and macrophages, this review highlights strategies for reprogramming macrophage functions, offering innovative approaches to address the limitations of conventional antimicrobial therapies and advancing targeted therapeutic interventions for H. pylori-associated diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1636768/fullHelicobacter pylorimacrophagesphagocytosisinflammationantigen presentationimmunomodulation |
| spellingShingle | Miao Xiang Miao Xiang Panpan Li Panpan Li Xiaofei Yue Linlin Liu Linlin Liu Linjing Wang Nengjin Sun Nengjin Sun Kaile Wang Kaile Wang Yuying Zhang Hongyan Wang Hongyan Wang Dysregulated macrophage immunity in Helicobacter pylori infection: unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications Frontiers in Immunology Helicobacter pylori macrophages phagocytosis inflammation antigen presentation immunomodulation |
| title | Dysregulated macrophage immunity in Helicobacter pylori infection: unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications |
| title_full | Dysregulated macrophage immunity in Helicobacter pylori infection: unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications |
| title_fullStr | Dysregulated macrophage immunity in Helicobacter pylori infection: unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dysregulated macrophage immunity in Helicobacter pylori infection: unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications |
| title_short | Dysregulated macrophage immunity in Helicobacter pylori infection: unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications |
| title_sort | dysregulated macrophage immunity in helicobacter pylori infection unveiling mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications |
| topic | Helicobacter pylori macrophages phagocytosis inflammation antigen presentation immunomodulation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1636768/full |
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