Long-Term Return to Work After Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature Review
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is referred to as a “silent epidemic” due to its limited awareness in the general public. Nevertheless, it can cause chronic, lifelong physical and cognitive impairments with severe impact on quality of life, resulting in high healthcare costs and loss of emp...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Clinical and Translational Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2514-183X/8/4/31 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850042460162490368 |
|---|---|
| author | Emilia Westarp Tim Jonas Hallenberger Karl-Olof Lövblad Thomas Mokrusch Claudio Bassetti Raphael Guzman |
| author_facet | Emilia Westarp Tim Jonas Hallenberger Karl-Olof Lövblad Thomas Mokrusch Claudio Bassetti Raphael Guzman |
| author_sort | Emilia Westarp |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is referred to as a “silent epidemic” due to its limited awareness in the general public. Nevertheless, it can cause chronic, lifelong physical and cognitive impairments with severe impact on quality of life, resulting in high healthcare costs and loss of employment. To evaluate the outcome after mild and moderate TBI, “return to work (RTW)” is a relevant parameter, reflecting the socio-economic consequences of TBI. Our study aims to summarize RTW-rates to raise awareness on the impact of non-severe TBI. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review screening the databases Medline, Embase and Web of Science for studies reporting RTW in mild to moderate TBI. Studies that reported on RTW after mild or moderate TBI (defined by GCS > 9) in adults, with a minimum follow-up of six months were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIPS tool. Results: We included 13 studies with a total 22,550 patients. The overall RTW rate after at least six months, varies between 37% and 98%. Full RTW is reported in six of the included 13 studies and varies between 12% and 67%. In six studies (46%) the RTW-rate by the end of follow-up was ≤60%, with four studies being from high-income countries. Conclusion: Mild and moderate TBI have a high impact on employment rates with diverging rates for RTW even between high-income countries. Increasing the societal awareness of this silent epidemic is of utmost importance and is one of the missions of the Swiss Brain Health Plan. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb93d4b4a9524b0182000ac4bb69af37 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2514-183X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Translational Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb93d4b4a9524b0182000ac4bb69af372025-08-20T02:55:32ZengMDPI AGClinical and Translational Neuroscience2514-183X2024-12-01843110.3390/ctn8040031Long-Term Return to Work After Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature ReviewEmilia Westarp0Tim Jonas Hallenberger1Karl-Olof Lövblad2Thomas Mokrusch3Claudio Bassetti4Raphael Guzman5Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, SwitzerlandDivision of Neuroradiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, SwitzerlandUniversity of Erlangen-Nürnberg, German Brain Council, Friedrichstr. 88, 10117 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Rosenbühlgasse 25, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031 Basel, SwitzerlandBackground: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is referred to as a “silent epidemic” due to its limited awareness in the general public. Nevertheless, it can cause chronic, lifelong physical and cognitive impairments with severe impact on quality of life, resulting in high healthcare costs and loss of employment. To evaluate the outcome after mild and moderate TBI, “return to work (RTW)” is a relevant parameter, reflecting the socio-economic consequences of TBI. Our study aims to summarize RTW-rates to raise awareness on the impact of non-severe TBI. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review screening the databases Medline, Embase and Web of Science for studies reporting RTW in mild to moderate TBI. Studies that reported on RTW after mild or moderate TBI (defined by GCS > 9) in adults, with a minimum follow-up of six months were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUIPS tool. Results: We included 13 studies with a total 22,550 patients. The overall RTW rate after at least six months, varies between 37% and 98%. Full RTW is reported in six of the included 13 studies and varies between 12% and 67%. In six studies (46%) the RTW-rate by the end of follow-up was ≤60%, with four studies being from high-income countries. Conclusion: Mild and moderate TBI have a high impact on employment rates with diverging rates for RTW even between high-income countries. Increasing the societal awareness of this silent epidemic is of utmost importance and is one of the missions of the Swiss Brain Health Plan.https://www.mdpi.com/2514-183X/8/4/31traumatic brain injurybrain healthawarenessreturn-to-workmild TBImoderate TBI |
| spellingShingle | Emilia Westarp Tim Jonas Hallenberger Karl-Olof Lövblad Thomas Mokrusch Claudio Bassetti Raphael Guzman Long-Term Return to Work After Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature Review Clinical and Translational Neuroscience traumatic brain injury brain health awareness return-to-work mild TBI moderate TBI |
| title | Long-Term Return to Work After Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full | Long-Term Return to Work After Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_fullStr | Long-Term Return to Work After Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Long-Term Return to Work After Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_short | Long-Term Return to Work After Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Literature Review |
| title_sort | long term return to work after mild and moderate traumatic brain injury a systematic literature review |
| topic | traumatic brain injury brain health awareness return-to-work mild TBI moderate TBI |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2514-183X/8/4/31 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT emiliawestarp longtermreturntoworkaftermildandmoderatetraumaticbraininjuryasystematicliteraturereview AT timjonashallenberger longtermreturntoworkaftermildandmoderatetraumaticbraininjuryasystematicliteraturereview AT karloloflovblad longtermreturntoworkaftermildandmoderatetraumaticbraininjuryasystematicliteraturereview AT thomasmokrusch longtermreturntoworkaftermildandmoderatetraumaticbraininjuryasystematicliteraturereview AT claudiobassetti longtermreturntoworkaftermildandmoderatetraumaticbraininjuryasystematicliteraturereview AT raphaelguzman longtermreturntoworkaftermildandmoderatetraumaticbraininjuryasystematicliteraturereview |