Dissecting the urban footprint of unplanned settlements shaping macroinvertebrate communities in Wuye River, Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract Urbanization poses a significant threat to river ecosystems, causing widespread degradation of river health. This study investigates the devastating effects of urbanization on river health, with a focus on the Wuye River in Abuja, Nigeria, and dissects the urban footprint of unplanned settl...

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Main Authors: Francis O. Arimoro, Jacob James, Eunice O. Ikayaja, Fulbert A. G. J. Assie, Augustine O. Edegbene, Unique N. Keke
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00552-y
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author Francis O. Arimoro
Jacob James
Eunice O. Ikayaja
Fulbert A. G. J. Assie
Augustine O. Edegbene
Unique N. Keke
author_facet Francis O. Arimoro
Jacob James
Eunice O. Ikayaja
Fulbert A. G. J. Assie
Augustine O. Edegbene
Unique N. Keke
author_sort Francis O. Arimoro
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Urbanization poses a significant threat to river ecosystems, causing widespread degradation of river health. This study investigates the devastating effects of urbanization on river health, with a focus on the Wuye River in Abuja, Nigeria, and dissects the urban footprint of unplanned settlements on macroinvertebrate communities. Over a six-month period (January–June 2021), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical characteristics and macroinvertebrates at four stations, shedding light on the far-reaching consequences of unplanned urban settlements on river ecosystems. The results revealed significant deviations from optimal water quality parameters with reference to WHO guidelines. Station 3, located in unplanned urban settlement, exhibited elevated nitrate concentrations (13.0 mg/L) and heightened turbidity levels (23.6 NTU), indicating compromised water quality. Station 2, located in planned urban settlements, displayed lower nitrate values and turbidity levels. pH values ranged from 7.4 to 7.7 across all stations, suggesting minimal impact on river acidity. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed strong relationships between species abundance and environmental variables. Axis 2 was associated with Naucoris sp., Velia caprai, Chironomus transvalensis, and Cricotopus sp., and was influenced by dissolved oxygen, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, and turbidity. Axis 1 was linked to seasonally influenced factors, including temperature and electrical conductivity. CCA indicated that Stations 1 and 2 had higher pH concentrations, favouring species like Melanoides tuberculatus, Appasus sp., Neritina lubricate, Bugilies sp. and Bulinus globosus. The findings highlight urgent need for effective management and conservation strategies in water treatment, urban planning and conservation policies to mitigate urbanization’s impacts on river health.
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spelling doaj-art-fb85b60691114833beaf0edc7192f1002025-08-20T03:10:20ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-00552-yDissecting the urban footprint of unplanned settlements shaping macroinvertebrate communities in Wuye River, Abuja, NigeriaFrancis O. Arimoro0Jacob James1Eunice O. Ikayaja2Fulbert A. G. J. Assie3Augustine O. Edegbene4Unique N. Keke5Environmental Biology and Ecology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of TechnologyEnvironmental Biology and Ecology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of TechnologyEnvironmental Biology and Ecology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of TechnologyEnvironmental Biology and Ecology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of TechnologyDepartment of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Health SciencesEnvironmental Biology and Ecology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of TechnologyAbstract Urbanization poses a significant threat to river ecosystems, causing widespread degradation of river health. This study investigates the devastating effects of urbanization on river health, with a focus on the Wuye River in Abuja, Nigeria, and dissects the urban footprint of unplanned settlements on macroinvertebrate communities. Over a six-month period (January–June 2021), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical characteristics and macroinvertebrates at four stations, shedding light on the far-reaching consequences of unplanned urban settlements on river ecosystems. The results revealed significant deviations from optimal water quality parameters with reference to WHO guidelines. Station 3, located in unplanned urban settlement, exhibited elevated nitrate concentrations (13.0 mg/L) and heightened turbidity levels (23.6 NTU), indicating compromised water quality. Station 2, located in planned urban settlements, displayed lower nitrate values and turbidity levels. pH values ranged from 7.4 to 7.7 across all stations, suggesting minimal impact on river acidity. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed strong relationships between species abundance and environmental variables. Axis 2 was associated with Naucoris sp., Velia caprai, Chironomus transvalensis, and Cricotopus sp., and was influenced by dissolved oxygen, sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, and turbidity. Axis 1 was linked to seasonally influenced factors, including temperature and electrical conductivity. CCA indicated that Stations 1 and 2 had higher pH concentrations, favouring species like Melanoides tuberculatus, Appasus sp., Neritina lubricate, Bugilies sp. and Bulinus globosus. The findings highlight urgent need for effective management and conservation strategies in water treatment, urban planning and conservation policies to mitigate urbanization’s impacts on river health.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00552-yUrbanizationRiver healthMacroinvertebratesWater qualitySustainable urban planning
spellingShingle Francis O. Arimoro
Jacob James
Eunice O. Ikayaja
Fulbert A. G. J. Assie
Augustine O. Edegbene
Unique N. Keke
Dissecting the urban footprint of unplanned settlements shaping macroinvertebrate communities in Wuye River, Abuja, Nigeria
Scientific Reports
Urbanization
River health
Macroinvertebrates
Water quality
Sustainable urban planning
title Dissecting the urban footprint of unplanned settlements shaping macroinvertebrate communities in Wuye River, Abuja, Nigeria
title_full Dissecting the urban footprint of unplanned settlements shaping macroinvertebrate communities in Wuye River, Abuja, Nigeria
title_fullStr Dissecting the urban footprint of unplanned settlements shaping macroinvertebrate communities in Wuye River, Abuja, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Dissecting the urban footprint of unplanned settlements shaping macroinvertebrate communities in Wuye River, Abuja, Nigeria
title_short Dissecting the urban footprint of unplanned settlements shaping macroinvertebrate communities in Wuye River, Abuja, Nigeria
title_sort dissecting the urban footprint of unplanned settlements shaping macroinvertebrate communities in wuye river abuja nigeria
topic Urbanization
River health
Macroinvertebrates
Water quality
Sustainable urban planning
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00552-y
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