Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide diffusion capacity of formerly exposed asbestos workers with high-resolution computed tomography in a cross-sectional study

Abstract Asbestos exposure can induce pulmonary fibrosis known as asbestosis, and pleural thickening, as well as various cancers. Although lung diffusion capacity (DL) including nitric oxide (NO) is assumed to be more sensitive than carbon monoxide (CO), its added value in assessment of pneumoconios...

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Main Authors: Julia Krabbe, Damian J. Reimers, Nelly Otte, Panagiotis Doukas, Timm Dirrichs, Thomas Radtke, Holger Dressel, Thomas Kraus
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99824-w
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author Julia Krabbe
Damian J. Reimers
Nelly Otte
Panagiotis Doukas
Timm Dirrichs
Thomas Radtke
Holger Dressel
Thomas Kraus
author_facet Julia Krabbe
Damian J. Reimers
Nelly Otte
Panagiotis Doukas
Timm Dirrichs
Thomas Radtke
Holger Dressel
Thomas Kraus
author_sort Julia Krabbe
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Asbestos exposure can induce pulmonary fibrosis known as asbestosis, and pleural thickening, as well as various cancers. Although lung diffusion capacity (DL) including nitric oxide (NO) is assumed to be more sensitive than carbon monoxide (CO), its added value in assessment of pneumoconiosis has not been investigated yet. 371 formerly exposed workers visiting the outpatient clinic for assessment including pulmonary function testing with DL and low-dose high resolution computed tomography between 2018 and 2021 were included. Subgroups were formed depending on findings in low-dose high resolution computed tomography classified according to ICOERD. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed some diagnostic accuracy for DLNO (AUC = 0.73; 95% confidence interval 0.64–0.82) and DLCO (AUC = 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.60–0.79) regarding asbestosis, but not per unit alveolar volume. DLCO and DLNO correlated strongly with a decreasing score of irregular opacities according to ICOERD (ρ DLCO = − 0.87, ρ DLNO = − 0.85) but DLNO was also susceptible to emphysema. Although tendencies of a more sensitive detection of diffusion capacity impairment were observed, DLNO was not clearly superior to DLCO in assessment of asbestosis. Based on our findings and considering the lack of availability of DLNO in clinical routine, DLNO does not seem to have added value for clinical assessment of formerly asbestos exposed workers. Future studies should further investigate DLNO including healthy controls and confounders such as emphysema and smoking.
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spelling doaj-art-fb807f50cd7c4d89a6f1c28d21b582cc2025-08-20T01:47:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-99824-wCarbon monoxide and nitric oxide diffusion capacity of formerly exposed asbestos workers with high-resolution computed tomography in a cross-sectional studyJulia Krabbe0Damian J. Reimers1Nelly Otte2Panagiotis Doukas3Timm Dirrichs4Thomas Radtke5Holger Dressel6Thomas Kraus7Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH AachenInstitute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH AachenInstitute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH AachenDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, European Vascular Centre Aachen-Maastricht, RWTH Aachen UniversityDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen UniversityEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of ZurichEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of ZurichInstitute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH AachenAbstract Asbestos exposure can induce pulmonary fibrosis known as asbestosis, and pleural thickening, as well as various cancers. Although lung diffusion capacity (DL) including nitric oxide (NO) is assumed to be more sensitive than carbon monoxide (CO), its added value in assessment of pneumoconiosis has not been investigated yet. 371 formerly exposed workers visiting the outpatient clinic for assessment including pulmonary function testing with DL and low-dose high resolution computed tomography between 2018 and 2021 were included. Subgroups were formed depending on findings in low-dose high resolution computed tomography classified according to ICOERD. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis revealed some diagnostic accuracy for DLNO (AUC = 0.73; 95% confidence interval 0.64–0.82) and DLCO (AUC = 0.70; 95% confidence interval 0.60–0.79) regarding asbestosis, but not per unit alveolar volume. DLCO and DLNO correlated strongly with a decreasing score of irregular opacities according to ICOERD (ρ DLCO = − 0.87, ρ DLNO = − 0.85) but DLNO was also susceptible to emphysema. Although tendencies of a more sensitive detection of diffusion capacity impairment were observed, DLNO was not clearly superior to DLCO in assessment of asbestosis. Based on our findings and considering the lack of availability of DLNO in clinical routine, DLNO does not seem to have added value for clinical assessment of formerly asbestos exposed workers. Future studies should further investigate DLNO including healthy controls and confounders such as emphysema and smoking.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99824-wDLNODLCOAsbestosisPleural plaquePleural thickening
spellingShingle Julia Krabbe
Damian J. Reimers
Nelly Otte
Panagiotis Doukas
Timm Dirrichs
Thomas Radtke
Holger Dressel
Thomas Kraus
Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide diffusion capacity of formerly exposed asbestos workers with high-resolution computed tomography in a cross-sectional study
Scientific Reports
DLNO
DLCO
Asbestosis
Pleural plaque
Pleural thickening
title Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide diffusion capacity of formerly exposed asbestos workers with high-resolution computed tomography in a cross-sectional study
title_full Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide diffusion capacity of formerly exposed asbestos workers with high-resolution computed tomography in a cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide diffusion capacity of formerly exposed asbestos workers with high-resolution computed tomography in a cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide diffusion capacity of formerly exposed asbestos workers with high-resolution computed tomography in a cross-sectional study
title_short Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide diffusion capacity of formerly exposed asbestos workers with high-resolution computed tomography in a cross-sectional study
title_sort carbon monoxide and nitric oxide diffusion capacity of formerly exposed asbestos workers with high resolution computed tomography in a cross sectional study
topic DLNO
DLCO
Asbestosis
Pleural plaque
Pleural thickening
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99824-w
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