Reward-related neural activation during social media exposure in young women with non-suicidal self-injury: evidence for a continuum of severity in the reward network

Abstract Individuals with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) may be particularly vulnerable to social media exposure, yet the extent to which this vulnerability is linked to altered reward processing remains unclear. To address this gap, we investigated social media-related reward processing in NSSI by...

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Main Authors: Stella Nicolaou, Anna Julià, Daniela Otero, Carlos Schmidt, Juan Carlos Pascual, Joaquim Soler, Josep Marco-Pallarés, Daniel Vega
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-08-01
Series:Translational Psychiatry
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03536-8
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author Stella Nicolaou
Anna Julià
Daniela Otero
Carlos Schmidt
Juan Carlos Pascual
Joaquim Soler
Josep Marco-Pallarés
Daniel Vega
author_facet Stella Nicolaou
Anna Julià
Daniela Otero
Carlos Schmidt
Juan Carlos Pascual
Joaquim Soler
Josep Marco-Pallarés
Daniel Vega
author_sort Stella Nicolaou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Individuals with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) may be particularly vulnerable to social media exposure, yet the extent to which this vulnerability is linked to altered reward processing remains unclear. To address this gap, we investigated social media-related reward processing in NSSI by recruiting ninety-one young women, divided into three groups: a clinical group (NSSI with borderline personality disorder), a subclinical group (NSSI without co-occurring disorders), and a healthy control group. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants received positive and negative comments on their own Instagram photos in a naturalistic task simulating real-life social media interactions. Clinical participants rated positive comments as less pleasant and negative comments as more unpleasant than controls. Coherently, they showed blunted activation in core reward regions such as the nucleus accumbens, caudate, and medial frontal cortex when receiving positive vs negative feedback. Subclinical participants reacted similarly to clinical participants to negative feedback but similarly to controls to positive feedback and presented intermediate activation in most regions, bridging the pattern observed in controls and patients. Results highlight reward system dysfunction as central to NSSI pathology, with both clinical and subclinical groups showing altered processing of social media-based feedback. Subclinical participants showed selective vulnerability to negative feedback, while clinical participants showed impaired sensitivity to both positive and negative feedback. These findings reflect a continuum of severity mapped on the reward system, highlighting potential intervention targets and emphasizing the need to address social media interactions in NSSI treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-fb76e6ff1fa845619740eab785abb01d2025-08-24T11:51:39ZengNature Publishing GroupTranslational Psychiatry2158-31882025-08-0115111110.1038/s41398-025-03536-8Reward-related neural activation during social media exposure in young women with non-suicidal self-injury: evidence for a continuum of severity in the reward networkStella Nicolaou0Anna Julià1Daniela Otero2Carlos Schmidt3Juan Carlos Pascual4Joaquim Soler5Josep Marco-Pallarés6Daniel Vega7Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of BarcelonaDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari d’Igualada (Consorci Sanitari de l’Anoia), Fundació Sanitària d’IgualadaDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari d’Igualada (Consorci Sanitari de l’Anoia), Fundació Sanitària d’IgualadaDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari d’Igualada (Consorci Sanitari de l’Anoia), Fundació Sanitària d’IgualadaDepartment of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaDepartment of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaDepartment of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of BarcelonaDepartment of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari d’Igualada (Consorci Sanitari de l’Anoia), Fundació Sanitària d’IgualadaAbstract Individuals with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) may be particularly vulnerable to social media exposure, yet the extent to which this vulnerability is linked to altered reward processing remains unclear. To address this gap, we investigated social media-related reward processing in NSSI by recruiting ninety-one young women, divided into three groups: a clinical group (NSSI with borderline personality disorder), a subclinical group (NSSI without co-occurring disorders), and a healthy control group. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), participants received positive and negative comments on their own Instagram photos in a naturalistic task simulating real-life social media interactions. Clinical participants rated positive comments as less pleasant and negative comments as more unpleasant than controls. Coherently, they showed blunted activation in core reward regions such as the nucleus accumbens, caudate, and medial frontal cortex when receiving positive vs negative feedback. Subclinical participants reacted similarly to clinical participants to negative feedback but similarly to controls to positive feedback and presented intermediate activation in most regions, bridging the pattern observed in controls and patients. Results highlight reward system dysfunction as central to NSSI pathology, with both clinical and subclinical groups showing altered processing of social media-based feedback. Subclinical participants showed selective vulnerability to negative feedback, while clinical participants showed impaired sensitivity to both positive and negative feedback. These findings reflect a continuum of severity mapped on the reward system, highlighting potential intervention targets and emphasizing the need to address social media interactions in NSSI treatment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03536-8
spellingShingle Stella Nicolaou
Anna Julià
Daniela Otero
Carlos Schmidt
Juan Carlos Pascual
Joaquim Soler
Josep Marco-Pallarés
Daniel Vega
Reward-related neural activation during social media exposure in young women with non-suicidal self-injury: evidence for a continuum of severity in the reward network
Translational Psychiatry
title Reward-related neural activation during social media exposure in young women with non-suicidal self-injury: evidence for a continuum of severity in the reward network
title_full Reward-related neural activation during social media exposure in young women with non-suicidal self-injury: evidence for a continuum of severity in the reward network
title_fullStr Reward-related neural activation during social media exposure in young women with non-suicidal self-injury: evidence for a continuum of severity in the reward network
title_full_unstemmed Reward-related neural activation during social media exposure in young women with non-suicidal self-injury: evidence for a continuum of severity in the reward network
title_short Reward-related neural activation during social media exposure in young women with non-suicidal self-injury: evidence for a continuum of severity in the reward network
title_sort reward related neural activation during social media exposure in young women with non suicidal self injury evidence for a continuum of severity in the reward network
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-025-03536-8
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