Nano green emulsion liquid membrane for the simultaneous extraction of heavy metals from real wastewater
Abstract In the present study, the efficiency of Nanoemulsion Liquid Membrane (NELM) in the recovery of cadmium, cobalt, and nickel ions from real wastewater was investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). An eco-friendly approach using sunflower oil-based diluent and silica na...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Springer
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Discover Chemistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s44371-025-00149-4 |
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| Summary: | Abstract In the present study, the efficiency of Nanoemulsion Liquid Membrane (NELM) in the recovery of cadmium, cobalt, and nickel ions from real wastewater was investigated and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). An eco-friendly approach using sunflower oil-based diluent and silica nanoparticles is a significant advancement over traditional methods. The proposed NELM included a diluent composed of 70% sunflower oil and 30% kerosene, Bis-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphate (D2EHPA) used as a carrier, span80 used as surfactant, Silica Nanoparticles (SNPs) as co-surfactant and HCl as stripping agent. The SNPs were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The comparison between the experimentally optimized and the RSM optimized values was accomplished by optimizing the following parameters SNPs concentration, carrier concentration, pH of the external phase, surfactant concentration, and emulsification speed. The results of RSM showed that the best conditions obtained from the extraction process were at SNPs and span80 concentration of 0.294%(w/v) and 3.62%(v/v), respectively, pH of the external phase of 5.49, emulsification speed of 11,075 rpm, and carrier concentration of 5.55%(v/v) at extraction time of 8 min. At these conditions, the maximum extraction of Cd+2, Co+2, and Ni+2 ions was 93.43%, 91.02%, and 79.43%, respectively. Based on the findings of the regression analysis, it was possible to fit the experimental data to a quadratic model with R2 of 93.53%, 91.76%, and 92.5% for Cd+2, Co+2, and Ni+2 ions respectively. The mechanism of the Cd+2, Co+2, and Ni+2 ions extraction was presented. Also, the study of reusability of the prepared membrane was discussed and showed that a slight decrease in the activity of the membrane at the end of four cycles where extraction efficiency decreased from 90.57%, 87.31%, and 77.62% in the first cycle to 80.14%, 75.83%, and 68.72% at the fourth cycle for Cd+2, Co+2, and Ni+2 ions, respectively, confirming the good reusability of the membrane during the treatment of wastewater. Finally, the prepared NELM can effectively be used for the treatment of wastewater contaminated with heavy metals due to its high extraction efficiency at a low required time. |
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| ISSN: | 3005-1193 |