Corticobulbar activity in healthy humans and Parkinson’s disease: a study protocol for a novel biomarker of motivational arousal

Corticobulbar activity in healthy humans and Parkinson’s disease: a study protocol for a novel biomarker of motivational arousal

BackgroundThe corticobulbar (CB) tract connects the primary motor cortex to oral and facial effectors and may contribute to affective-motivational processes through its interactions with dopaminergic circuits. Prior studies have shown that excitability in the tongue motor cortex (tM1), as well as su...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Francesca Ferraioli, Francesco Tomaiuolo, Alessandra M. Falzone, Angelo Labate, Salvatore M. Cardali, Simona Massimino, Fabrizio Esposito, Antonino Germanò, Luigi Trojano, Carmelo Mario Vicario
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
Subjects:
corticobulbar excitability
TMS
virtual reality
Parkinson’s disease
submental EMG
motivational arousal
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1573534/full
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