Phytochemical, Heavy Metals and Antimicrobial Study of the Leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides
According to the World Health Organization, 80% of the world population use medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases, and this number is even higher in African countries. Medicinal plants are defined as any plants which contain substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes in one or more...
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Iranian Chemical Science and Technologies Association
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jchemlett.com/article_146846_8b50bd103153651a7a1d1764195d677b.pdf |
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| author | Ebuka Emenike Chukwuebuka Onyema |
| author_facet | Ebuka Emenike Chukwuebuka Onyema |
| author_sort | Ebuka Emenike |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | According to the World Health Organization, 80% of the world population use medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases, and this number is even higher in African countries. Medicinal plants are defined as any plants which contain substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes in one or more of its organs. In this study, the phytochemical, heavy metals, and antimicrobial characteristics of the leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides, a popular plant in Nigeria’s folk medicine, were investigated in other to determine its therapeutic potentials. The phytochemicals present in the leaves were extracted with n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate, and the extracts were used to investigate for the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract was used to test for the concentration of five heavy metals. The result of the phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids in various quantities. The heavy metals analysis result revealed the presence of lead (0.08 mg/kg) and iron (0.08 mg/kg) well below the acceptable limits set by the World Health Organization for heavy metals in plants, while cadmium, nickel and zinc were found to be below detectable limits. The extracts were tested against thirteen human pathogens (ten bacteria and three fungi) using the disk diffusion method. The extracts possessed a broad range of microbial activities, with the methanolic extract reportedly showing the highest zone of inhibition (31 mm) against Bacillus sp. while the n-hexane extract did not show any antimicrobial activity in the whole test organisms. The results obtained revealed that the leaves of C. mucunoides has some therapeutic values and could be exploited in the preparation of herbal drugs for the treatment various ailments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-fb6e64597bf249f88e3f4e04beb3e7dc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2821-0123 2717-1892 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | Iranian Chemical Science and Technologies Association |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Chemistry Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-fb6e64597bf249f88e3f4e04beb3e7dc2025-08-20T03:04:15ZengIranian Chemical Science and Technologies AssociationJournal of Chemistry Letters2821-01232717-18922022-02-0131303710.22034/jchemlett.2022.327443.1049146846Phytochemical, Heavy Metals and Antimicrobial Study of the Leaves of Calopogonium mucunoidesEbuka Emenike0Chukwuebuka Onyema1Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NigeriaNnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NigeriaAccording to the World Health Organization, 80% of the world population use medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases, and this number is even higher in African countries. Medicinal plants are defined as any plants which contain substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes in one or more of its organs. In this study, the phytochemical, heavy metals, and antimicrobial characteristics of the leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides, a popular plant in Nigeria’s folk medicine, were investigated in other to determine its therapeutic potentials. The phytochemicals present in the leaves were extracted with n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate, and the extracts were used to investigate for the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity. The methanol extract was used to test for the concentration of five heavy metals. The result of the phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids in various quantities. The heavy metals analysis result revealed the presence of lead (0.08 mg/kg) and iron (0.08 mg/kg) well below the acceptable limits set by the World Health Organization for heavy metals in plants, while cadmium, nickel and zinc were found to be below detectable limits. The extracts were tested against thirteen human pathogens (ten bacteria and three fungi) using the disk diffusion method. The extracts possessed a broad range of microbial activities, with the methanolic extract reportedly showing the highest zone of inhibition (31 mm) against Bacillus sp. while the n-hexane extract did not show any antimicrobial activity in the whole test organisms. The results obtained revealed that the leaves of C. mucunoides has some therapeutic values and could be exploited in the preparation of herbal drugs for the treatment various ailments.https://www.jchemlett.com/article_146846_8b50bd103153651a7a1d1764195d677b.pdfphytochemicalheavy metalantibacterialantifungalcalopogonium mucunoides |
| spellingShingle | Ebuka Emenike Chukwuebuka Onyema Phytochemical, Heavy Metals and Antimicrobial Study of the Leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides Journal of Chemistry Letters phytochemical heavy metal antibacterial antifungal calopogonium mucunoides |
| title | Phytochemical, Heavy Metals and Antimicrobial Study of the Leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides |
| title_full | Phytochemical, Heavy Metals and Antimicrobial Study of the Leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemical, Heavy Metals and Antimicrobial Study of the Leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemical, Heavy Metals and Antimicrobial Study of the Leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides |
| title_short | Phytochemical, Heavy Metals and Antimicrobial Study of the Leaves of Calopogonium mucunoides |
| title_sort | phytochemical heavy metals and antimicrobial study of the leaves of calopogonium mucunoides |
| topic | phytochemical heavy metal antibacterial antifungal calopogonium mucunoides |
| url | https://www.jchemlett.com/article_146846_8b50bd103153651a7a1d1764195d677b.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ebukaemenike phytochemicalheavymetalsandantimicrobialstudyoftheleavesofcalopogoniummucunoides AT chukwuebukaonyema phytochemicalheavymetalsandantimicrobialstudyoftheleavesofcalopogoniummucunoides |